B U D A. 



47 



Bud*. law, 10 tor medicine, ai;> philosophy. The 



;" ' sell >ol for theology is a Catholic i"minary, under the 

 i of the Archbishop of Gran. Instruction 

 is here entirely gratuitous, but the student must fol- 

 low a certain course of study prescribed every year 

 by the professors. Attached to the university is an 

 observatory, which is situated at Buda ; a library, 

 a museum of natural history, of machinery, and of 

 medals, which may be ranked among the fine col- 

 lections of Europe ; a theatre of anatomy, an hos- 

 pital, and a botanical garden; and a printing-house, 

 employing twelve presses, and fourteen compositors. 

 Besides the university library and garden, Pest hag 

 a royal library, founded by Count Szecscny, and 

 enriched with many scarce editions, and valuable 

 manuscripts, the gifts of several grandees, and learn- 

 ed Hungarians; and a royal garden, which is one of the 

 richest in Europe, and contains a great number of exo- 

 tic plants, which are cultivated with particular care. 



Buda is the centre of Hungarian commerce, and 

 the first commercial city in the kingdom. Public 

 roads in every direction lead to the principal ports 

 and cities of the neighbouring countries ; and its 

 chief exportations consist of the productions of 

 the soil, and of national industry. Grain, tobacco, 

 brandy, potash, honey, and wax, are here import- 

 ant articles of commerce, and the imperial Tokay 

 wine, so famous at Buda, is often drunk for bur- 

 gundy, and great quantities of it are sent to Ger- 

 many, Russia, and Poland. This city is also the great 

 staple for the woollen manufactures of the country. 

 Its imports consist principally of Austrian manu- 

 factures, and a few from Turkey, as the Austrian 

 government have prohibited the introduction of all 

 other foreign merchandise, in order to encourage 

 their own merchants. The manufacturing classes of 

 Buda are in general composed of Germans, as a true 

 Hungarian would think himself disgraced by being 

 employed in any other occupation but in that of 

 agriculture or of arms ; so that the masons, joiners, 

 watch-makers, and other artisans, are mostly natives 

 of Germany. The fair of Pest is the greatest in 

 Hungary, and lasts eight or ten days. The chief 

 articles of sale are the natural productions of the 

 kingdom, such as horses, which are driven to the 

 market like flocks of horned cattle, and kept in 

 folds ; oxen, wool, hides, and earthen ware. Great 

 numbers of Greeks, Jews, and Armenians, attend 

 this fair, and indeed the great concerns of commerce 

 are chiefly in their hands. 



Buda was the residence of the Hungarian mo- 

 uarchs, till Sigismund became Emperor of Ger- 

 many in 1410, and from the first appearance of the 

 Turks in Hungary, this city continued to be the 

 >ccne of contention between that people and the Im- 

 perialists, for more than a century. It was first ta- 

 ken by the Ottomans under Soliman I. in 1525, but 

 was retaken by Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, in 

 the following year. The Ottomans, however, made 

 themselves masters of it a second time, in 15'2 ( J ; and, 

 i 154-1, it was constituted the capital of a Turkish 

 pachalik, composed of the neighbouring provinces ; 

 and notwithstanding the repeated attempts of the 

 Austrians to regain it, it remained in their possession 

 till 1686, when it was finally recovered by Prince 

 Eugene, and confirmed to Leopold I. by the treaty 



of Carlowit/, in KJ99. From that time it hai re- 

 mained und'-r the dominion of the house of Austria. 

 In 1784, the Emperor Joseph restored the seit of 

 government from Presb'.irg to Buda, and at the same 

 time removed to Vienna the ensigns of royalty, con- 

 sisting of a crown, a sceptre, a robe, and a pair of 

 stocking*, said to have been vorn by St Stephen. 

 But the removal of these regalia out of the King- 

 dom, contrary to an express Taw of the land, occa- 

 sioned so much discontent and clamour, that they 

 were relumed, and are now secured in a vault at 

 Buda. 



From the public offices being transferred to Buda, 

 this city acquired a great addition of wealthy inha- 

 bitants, by which the citi/.ens were enabled to let 

 their houses, and sell their wines and other produce to 

 greater advantage ; and as a mark of gratitude to the 

 Emperor Joseph, whose measures had been so con 

 ducive to their interest in this respect, they request- 

 ed permission to erect to him a statue. But the E 

 ror saw the mean and selfish spirit by which 

 were actuated, and made the following memorable 

 reply : " When prejudices shall be eradicated ; when 

 true patriotism, and just ideas of the general good of 

 the kingdom, shall bejestablished ; when each, in an 

 equal proportion, shall with readiness contribute his 

 share to the wants of the state, its safety and pros- 

 perity ; when true enlightening knowledge, improv- 

 ed studies, simplicity in the teaching of the clergy, 

 and the union of true ideas of religion with the laws 

 of society ; a solid justice ; riches through increased 

 population and improved agriculture ; acknowledg- 

 ment of the true interest of the landlord towards his 

 peasants, and of those towards their landlord ; when 

 industry, manufactures, and the demand of them, 

 and general unanimity amongst the provinces of the 

 monarchy, shall be introduced, as I wish and hope, 

 then I merit a statue: but not where the city, by my 

 transferring thither the public offices, for a more easy 

 inspection, obtains a greater consumption of its wines, 

 and a higher rent of its houses." 



In the field of Rakosch, at a little distance from 

 the city, on the eastern side of the river, the Hun- 

 garians used frequently to hold their diets ; and here, 

 also, the states formerly met on horseback and in 

 arms to elect their king. At some of these assem- 

 blies, 80,000 have here pitched their tents ; and the 

 Hungarians still venerate the spot as the remem- 

 brancer of their ancient freedom, and as an altar on 

 which their forefathers had often sworn to defend 

 their rights. .According to Professor Hassel, Bu- 

 da, in 1789, contained 21,665 inhabitants; and Pest, 

 in 1792, 26,684' ; while, in the same year, M. De- 

 mian makes the population of Pest 31,000. N. Lat. 

 4-7 29' 44", E. Long. 19 s 10'. See M. Demian 

 Tableau Geographiqut t/ Politique des Royattmcs 

 de Hongrie, ffc. vol. i. ; Hassel Tableau Slat is- 

 Itque de I' Empire d'Autrichc; Townson's Travels 

 in Hungary, p. 76 y An Itinerary from London to 

 Constantinople, p. 4-0, in Philip's Collection of Voy- 

 ages, c-S'C. vol. i. ; and Tynna Almanack du Com- 

 merce, 1811. (p) 



BUDDHA. See BIRMAN EMPIRE, p. 531, 532; 

 and CEYLON. 



BUDISSIN, BAUTZEN, or Budissa, a city of 

 Saxony, and capital of Upper Lusatia, is situated 



