BUD 



on the river Spree. This town was founded in the 

 vear goo by a Duke of Bohemia, from whom it re- 

 ceived its name, and was formerly an imperial city, 

 but it lost its privileges in the 13th century, when it 

 was taken by the King of Bohemia. The citadel, 

 called the castle of Ortenburg, by which the town 

 is defended, is placed on a high rock, and is se- 

 parated from the town by a ditch and ramparts. 

 The principal public buildings are the town -houses 

 of the state, the electoral castle, the hotel, the 

 two aqueducts, the cathedral, and the bridge over 

 the Spree. Several manufactures are carried en to a 

 considerable extent in this town. Linen clotks in 



freat quantities are made in the town and neighbour- 

 ood, and were exported to England, Hamburgh, 

 and the Spanish colonies. There is also a great ma- 

 nufacture of stockings and woollen caps ; and no fewer 

 than 10,000 pairs of stockings are annually made in 

 the town and neighbourhood. The printing of linen 

 and cotton cloths occupies about 1/50 workmen, and 



48 



BUD 



the principal markets for these articles are in Hol- 

 land, Italy, and Portugal. Glazed leather, fustians, 

 gloves, paper, gunpowder, and iron, are also manu- 

 factured at Budi*sin. East Long. 14 27' North 

 Lat. 15 10'. (w) 



BUD WE 1 3, BUDiEGOViTZ, or Budovecium, a 

 fortified town of Bohemia, in the circle ef Bechin, 

 situated on the river Malscha, which, after running 

 round! the town, discharges itself into the Moldau. 

 The surrounding country is very fertile, and is en- 

 riched with several valuable mines of gold and silver. 

 The rich silver mine of Rudolphstadt is in the vici- 

 nity of the town. This town enjoys the staple-rights 

 of the salt which is brought from Austria, and which 

 is here exposed to sale before it is carried farther. 

 Pearls and precious stones are found in the river 

 Moldau. The principal public buildings are the 

 arsenal, and the magazines for the engineer and ar- 

 tillery corps. East Long. 14 28', North Lat. 49* 

 2'. (to) 



Budweis. 



BUENOS AYRES, 



Extent. 



Buenos AN extensive viceroyalty in South America, stretch- 

 Ay res. ing from the Rio Desaguadero to the most northern set- 

 ~ tlements on the Paraguay, upwards of 1600 miles in 

 length ; and from the mouth of the Rio de la Plata 

 to Chili, nearly 1000 in breadth. It has Amazonia 

 on the north ; Brasil and the Atlantic Ocean on the 

 east ; Patagonia on the south ; and on the west, the 

 Cordilleras, which separate it from Chili and Peru. 

 Buenos Ayres was erected into a viceroyalty so late 

 as 1778. It forms the most important part of the 

 Spanish dominions in the New World, and is the 

 channel through which the chief treasures of the 

 other provinces pass to the mother country. It is 

 Division, divided into five provinces, viz. BUENOS AYRES or 

 Rio DE LA PLATA, PARAGUAY, TUCUMAN, Los 

 CHARCAS or POTOSI, and CUYO : and its minor sub- 

 divisions, beginning from the south, are, 



General 

 aspect. 



Pampas, 



Tuyu, 



Buenos Ayres, 



Cordova, 



Cuyo and Mendoza, 



Charcas, 



Guarania, 



Paraguay, 



Chaco, 



Salta, 



Jujuy, 



Chicas and Tarija, 



Lipes, 



Atacama, 



Potosi, or Porco, 



Plata, 



Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 



Chayanta, 



Oruro and Paria, 



Caranges, 



Pacajes, 



La Paz, 



Cochabamba, 



Sicasica, 



Laricaja and Omascuyo, 



Chucuito, 



Puno, or Paucarcola, 



Lampa, 



Asangaro, 



Carabaya. 



This country forms an extensive amphitheatre, 

 shut in laterally by the Cord;lleras of Bi asil and Pe' 

 ru ; towards the north, by a tract of mountainous 

 country, branching from both these ranges ; and on 

 the south by a branch of the Cordilleras of Chili, 

 stretching across the continent nearly to the Atinnlx, 

 '' leaving towards the south- east," says Mr Wilcocke, 



'< the immense opening of the Rio de la Plata, as a Bucn 

 wide and magnificent portal, proportioned to the ^ ^ r f^_ 

 grandeur, to the importance, and to the extent of the 

 regions to which it gives access." These mountains 



gives 

 the most remarkable in the world for 



regions 

 are amon^ 



height and riches. Those of the Brazilian ridge are 

 the least elevated. They are generally covered with 

 thick woods, interspersed with arid tracts, complete- 

 ly devoid of vegetation ; but are rich both in mines of 

 gold and diamonds. On the western boundary of the 

 viceroyalty, the mountains assume an aspect of unri- 

 valled sublimity. Their aspiring summits, which 

 reach far above the clouds, are covered with eternal 

 snows ; and their rugged and naked sides afford no 

 sustenance to the vegetable creation. But amidst 

 these frozen and sterile regions, volcanoes of various 

 dimensions diversify the scene, and mingle their fires 

 with the now. On the Peruvian chain, seven era- Volcanoes. 

 ters equal to Vesuvius and ./Etna, are constantly in 

 a state of ignition ; and sixteen have been enumerated 

 along the Chilian Cordilleras. The mountains of se- 

 condary elevation are clothed with stately forests ; 

 intersected with deep glens, through which rush in- 

 numerable torrents, and, uniting their waters, form 

 the immense rivers which flow towards the east, and 

 swell the Paraguay and Parana. The intervening 

 vallies with which these mountains are interspersed, 

 though placed at a greater elevation above the level 

 of the sea than even the tops of the Pyrenees, yet, from 

 their sheltered situation, enjoy a temperate and favour- 

 able climate, and are covered with a luxuriant herbage. 

 On the tops of some of these mountains, lies the only 

 road of communication between the different provin- 

 ces ; and it is said, that, from the rarefaction of the 

 air in these regions, the traveller can scarcely breath, 

 and is generally affected with nausea. Within these 

 boundaries, the country is extremely level, and, with 

 the exception of a few hills, not exceeding 500 feet 

 above the level of their base, it is one immense ex 1 - 

 6 



