BUN 



102 



BUN 



Burrella 



II 

 Bunvan, 



tandria, and order Digynia. See BOTANY, p. 160. 



BQMELIA, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 142. 



BUNDELCUND, a circar of Hindostan, on the 

 south-west side of the Jumnah, in the province of 

 Allahabad. Tlie country is in general mountainous 

 and covered with wood, but the soil in many places 

 produces plenty of cotton and all kinds of fruits, 

 though neither rice nor sugar. This circar is more 

 than 100 miles square. It contains some strong for- 

 tresses; and the celebrated diamond mines of Punna 

 afford a considerable revenue to its rajah. Chattes- 

 pour is reckoned the capital. (^) 



BUNIAS, a genus of plants of the class Tetra- 

 dynamia. and order Siliculosa. See BOTANY, p. 260. 



BUNIUM, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Digynia. See BOTANY, p. 164 1 . 



BUNKER'S HILL. See AMERICA Index. 



BUNYAN, JOHN, best known as the author of 

 the Pilgrim's Progress, was born near Bedford, in 

 the year 1628. His father, though a tinker, gave 

 him a better education than usual, by having him 

 taught to read and write. But being of very fro- 

 ward disposition, and much exposed to the conta- 

 gion of bad example, he early began to indulge in 

 all manner of vice, and soon became, in every re- 

 spect, a notorious profligate. During his wicked 

 career, however, he had frequent and strong convic- 

 tions of guilt. Various circumstances occurred to 

 lead him to serious reflection on his conduct. His 

 imagination was so powerfully impressed, that he 

 thought he heard a voice from heaven warning him 

 of his danger. And the result of all this was a com- 

 plete and permanent reformation of character. A- 

 bout the year 1655 he became a member of a Bap- 

 tist society at Bedford ; and was so zealous in his 

 religious profession and practices, which stood di- 

 rectly opposed to those of the court, that, after the 

 restoration, he suffered, along with multitudes of his 

 fellow Christians, the severest persecution. Having 

 transgressed the law against conventicles, that is, 

 having chosen to worship God according to the 

 dictates of his own mind, and to maintain, with 

 earnestness, his own views of scripture doctrine, 

 he was indicted, at the instance of the king stood 

 trial at the Bedford quarter sessions for his alleged 

 -offences, and was found guilty of " devilishly and 

 perniciously refusing to go to the established church, 

 tind upholding unlawful meetings, to the great dis- 

 turbance and distraction of the kingdom." His trial 

 \vas conducted with the characteristic injustice and 

 tyranny of those times. The facts stated in the in- 

 dictment were not proved. No witnesses were ad- 

 duced against him. Some words, which accidentally 

 fell from him in conversing with the justices, were ta- 

 ken for a conviction. And these worthy admini- 

 etrators of the acts of Charles II. actuated by the 

 spirit, and obedient to the will of their master, pro- 

 nounced upon poor John Bunyan a sentence of per- 

 petual banishment. This sentence was not executed, 

 but its victim was cast into prison, and remained 

 there for twelve years and a half, enduring his wrongs 

 with much patience, supporting himself and his fa- 

 mily by making tagged laces, and engaging in reli- 

 gious exercises with above sixty dissenters, who were 



confined in the same place for the same illegalities. Bunyan, 



He was at length enlarged through the benevolent 



interference of Dr Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln. Du- 



ring the last year of his imprisonment, (1671) he 



was unanimously chosen pastor of the congregation, 



at Bedford, to which he belonged. And afterwards 



taking advantage of James the Second's declaration 



in favour of liberty of conscience, he built, with the 



assistance of his followers, a public meeting-house in 



that city, in which he regularly preached to large 



and admiring audiences* It is said that Dr John 



Owen was one of his hearers, and gave countenance 



in other respects to his ministerial labours. He died 



in London, on the 31st of August 1688, in the 60th 



year of his age. 



Bunyan laboured under great disadvantages, in 

 point of education and external circumstances ; but 

 he seems to have possessed no inconsiderable portion, 

 of genius 5 and had he been more favourably situat- 

 ed, would probably have made a greater figure in 

 the world than most of his contemporaries. Of this 

 we have sufficient proof in his Pilgrim's Progress, 

 a work which has no equal hi popularity, and which 

 is distinguished by many real excellencies, both as a 

 work of poetic fancy and of practical divinity. The 

 allegory is well conceived, and well conducted. It 

 frequently offends by its coarseness and vulgarity, 

 but at the same time excites so much dramatic inte> 

 rest, and gives such lively delineations of real life, as 

 to make the reader overlook these minor defects. 

 The theology which it teaches, is systematic Calvin, 

 ism : it is Calvinism, however, coming home to the 

 Christian's experience, and producing its moral ef- 

 fects on his heart and conduct. And it is a well- 

 known fact, that few books have done more good 

 among the people than the Pilgrim's Progress. 

 Though the merits of the author are universally ac- 

 knowledged, it is not generally known that he had 

 the model of this work before him, in the Isle of 

 Man, or the Legal Proceedings in Manshire against 

 Sin, a curious little allegory, written by the Rev. 

 Richard Barnard, and published in the year 1626. 

 Bunyan produced various other pieces of inferior 

 merit. Of these, the Holy War is in greatest re- 

 pute among the lower orders, for whom it is, from 

 its style and manner, chiefly intended. A complete 

 edition of his works was published in 1767, in two 

 volumes folio, adorned with copperplates, and ac- 

 companied with a recommendatory preface by Mr 

 George Whitfield. See Grace abounding to the Chief 

 of Sinners, in a faithful account of the Life of Mr 

 John 'Bunyan. This is written by himself, and con- 

 tains a very particular account of the conferences 

 which he had with the judges by whom he was tried, 

 and of the oppressive manner in which he was treat- 

 ed by his persecutors. It is in this, as in several 

 other respects, an excellent picture, both of Bunyan 

 himself, and of the times in which he lived. See also 

 Grainger's Biograph. Hist, of England ; Account 

 of the Life of Bunyan, prefixed to the above-men- 

 tioned edition of his works ; and Biograph. Brit. 



( T ) 



BUONAROTTI, MICHAEL ANGELO. This ce- 

 lebrated person, who has generally been considered 

 as the .great restorer of the arts of painting, of sculp- 



