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BUR 



Burgundy. 1 naire, in the beginning of ihc ninth century, when 

 *' '-v - they were incorporated with the other subjec'. 

 tlic French monar. 



Upon the death f Charles the Bald, in 87!), Bur- 

 gundy was dismembered of the greatest part of its 

 territories. Burgundia Cis-Jurana, or that part of 

 it west of mount Jura (now St Claud), was added 

 to the kingdom of Provence, which had been . 

 to Boson, the brother-in-law of Charles ; and Bur- 

 gundia Trans Jurana, which comprehended Switzer- 

 land, the Valais, the Genevesc and Chablais, was 

 n to Rodolph, the son of Conrad, Earl of Paris, 

 in SSH. What remained of the ancient kingdom of 

 Burgundy was converted into a duchy, and conti- 

 nued subject to its own dukes, until it was finally 

 united to the crown of France by Louis XI. in 

 1 178. Its history during that period, however, is 

 so completely involved in that of France, that we 

 must refer our readers to that article. At present, 

 we shall only remark, that the dukes of Burgundy, 

 by their various and extensive possessions, were re- 

 garded at one time as the most considerable princes in 

 Europe. Many of them rose to the throne of France. 

 They were named, by a decree of Bayle in 1 

 the first dukes of the Christian world, and held the 

 next rank to kings. 



The province of Burgundy, before the revolution, 

 extended 45 leagues in length, and about 30 in 

 breadth, and. was bounded by Champagne on the 

 north, by Franchc-Comte on the east, by Lyon;iois 

 on the south, and on the west by Bouibonnois and 

 Nivernois. It is divided by a chain of mountains, 

 extending from Dijon to Lyons ; on the east of 

 which is one extensive and fertile plain, terminated 

 by the mountains of Franche-Comte and Savoy ; but 

 on the west, the country is rather hilly, and in many 

 places dry and uncultivated. The soil throughout 

 the province, however, is in general excellent, but 

 so varied, that almost every district is adapted for a 

 particular species of cultivation. It produces vari- 

 ous kinds of grain and fruits, tobacco, hemp, and 

 flax. The wool which is annually derived from their 

 flocks, amounts to between three and four thousand 

 pounds, two thirds of which is manufactured in the 

 province ; and its wine is esteemed among the best 

 in the world, and is drunk throughout all Europe. 

 The produce of its vineyards, in common years, is 

 estimated at 100,000 hogsheads. Those of Mont- 

 Rachet and Romane yield the most esteemed wines ; 

 though the wines of Vollenay and Pomard are rec- 

 koned the most delicate. 



Iron mines are found in almost every district, and 

 supply above 30 forges in the province, from which 

 60,000 quintals of iron are annually transported to 

 different parts of France. But the expence of land- 

 carriage prevents it from being in general requisition, 

 as the maritime provinces can obtain this metal at 

 a cheaper rate from Sxveden. Burgundy has al*o 

 several coal mines, and abounds with an infinite va- 

 riety of stones, which are capable of a high polish, 

 and equal in beauty to any marble. 



The manufactures of Burgundy are principally 

 confined to woollen stuff*, such as drah 

 druggets, and blankets; of which it is computed that 

 from 1, to 13 thousand pieces are aunuuLy wrought 



from the wool of the country. They are, however, 



chiefly consumed in this and the neighbouring pro- 



i. It hat several paper manufactories; and its 



.1 to any in France. 



principal rivers of this province are, the Seine, 

 the Vonne, the Ain, . 



Seille, the Loire, the Airou , ; all O f 



which are navigable. 'I <le Bonrgogne , 



the Saone and the Seine, by the river Yonne, and 

 extends from . Losne to the villa;; 



La Roche near St Florcntin, about 50 Icagu- 

 length. Part of it, however, is still unfinished (1812), 

 and the communication is open only as far as Dijon. 

 Another canal, called the Canal </ 

 du Cenlre, unites the Saom- and the Loire from 

 Chalons to Dijon. It is about 24- leagues in length, 

 and contains 81 sluices. 



The population of Burgundy, according to M. 

 Bonvallet des Brasses, amounted HOO, aU 



lowing 800 for every square league, of which he rec- 

 kons 134-1. The name of Burgundy, by the repub- 

 lican division of the country, was blotted from the 

 map of Europe, and it is now distributed into the 

 departments of the Yonne, the Cote d'Or, the Saone 

 and Loire, and the Ain ; which see under their re- 

 spective names. See also Peuchet DidwnHairc, &c. ; 

 Gibbon's Rom. Enij). vol. vii. p. 274-. & 

 and Tynna Almanac/1 du ( 'um -n-rcr, 1811. (p) 



BURIAL, denotes the act of interring the b^dy 

 of a person deceased. 



Although the mode of disposing of the body after 

 death, has varied in different ages and countries, jret 

 devotional feelings, combined with a sense of decen- 

 cy, as well as a regard to health and comfort, seem 

 to have universally pointed out to mankind the pro- 

 priety, not only of removing out o sight the dead 

 bodies of their fellow-creatures, but of performing 

 this act with certain solemnities, which are consider- 

 ed as a natural tribute of respect from the living to 

 the dead. And as these ceremonies have been gene- 

 rally regarded as religious rites, rhey have seldom 

 been denied but to persons who 1. hemsclves 



guilty of some flagrant violation of the laws of God 

 and of nature. 



Of the various modes of burial which hare prevail- 

 ed in the world, in/tU'iuttion, or simple interment, ac- 

 cording to th o t .nion of Cicero, as it is the most 

 natural, appears to have been also the must ancient : 

 Redditur ettitn terra: corpus, ct i.'a local um ac *i/m, 



/ oj>criniciilo nintris obducitur. Df Leg. i: 

 Tlie practices of burning dr.ul bodies, oi enclosing 

 the remains in urns, embalming, &c. appear to have 

 been of later date, and to have derived their origin 

 from the dread of inhuman treatment after il 

 from motives of affectionate regard i:i sutviving rela- 

 tives, or from the pride and vanity of individuals. 



In discussing the subject of burial, there are four 

 points particularly deserving of attention : The im- 

 portance which mankin : 



the act ; the >. ^\\ it has been ac- 



companied in di.iercnt a 'inong different na- 



tion;, ; the places tor interment ; and the 



relative to th.- prac'.io >t burial. 



1. From the lorical records, it is evi- 



dent that bur.. y mankind, in th? 



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