BUR 



Dime-am hill, Orrock lull, Alexander's craig, &c. 

 r i the same series or formation. The 



, of green-torn- are frequently traversed by veins, 

 which are filled with beautiful varieties of common 

 v, Hint, quartz, amethyst, calcareous spar, 

 ami hrowti spar. Agates occur imbedded in the 

 :stone, also in the amygdaloid ; and we have ob- 

 aerved serpentine and asbest in the greenstone, a fact 

 which shews that serpentine is not confined to the 

 primitive ami transition mountains. 



Th'- government of this borough is vested in a coun- 

 cil, consi.sti' ; ot 14- guild counsellors, and seven 

 trades counsellors. From the former are chosen a 

 provost and three bailies ; but sometimes the provost 

 is elected, from the neighbouring nobility and gentry, 

 in which case he is a supernumerary. According 

 to the census taken in 181 1, Burntisland contains 

 inhabited houses, and 392 families, in which are 738 

 mak-s and H77 females, making in all Kil5 inhabi- 

 tants. N. Lat. 5(i J 8'. W. Long. 3 5'. (;;) 

 BURRAMPOOTER. See INDIA. 

 BURRO. See BOEHO. 

 BURROUGH's MACHINE. See GLASS- 



GR1NDINO. 



BURS ART A, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 

 171. 



BURSERA, a genus of plants of the class Poly- 

 ganii i, and order Dicecia. See BOTANY, p. 34-7. 



BURTON -UPON TutNT, a borough and market- 

 town in Staffordshire, is situated on the west bank 

 of the river Trent, over which it has an old stone 

 bridge of 37 arches. Though an ancient town, it 

 contains several handsome modern buildings ; and its 

 church, which was rebuilt in 1722, is much admired 

 for its neatness and convenience. It has a neat town- 

 hall, erected, in 1772, at the sole expence of the 

 Earl of Uxbridge ; and at the south end of the town 

 are the ruins of a Benedictine abbey, which was 

 founded in 1004-. It has also a free-school, and two 

 alms-houses. The principal manufactures of Burton 

 are hats, of which large quantities are furnished for 

 the army and navy, iron mongery, cotton, and light 

 woollen stuffs. But it is chiefly famous for its ale, 

 which is not only in high repute throughout Eng- 

 land, but is exported to many parts of the continent. 

 Burton is very conveniently situated for commerce, 

 as the Trent is navigable for boats of considerable 

 burden as high as the town ; and it has also commu- 

 nication, by means of canals, with the principal cities 

 of the kingdom. It has four annual fairs, one of 

 which continues for five days, and a weekly market 

 on Thursday. Number of houses, 738. Popula- 

 tion, 3679, of whom 1325 are employed in trade and 

 manufactures. N. Lat. 52 50', W. Long. 1 36'. 



W 



BURY, a borough and market town in Lanca- 

 shire, \6 pleasantly situated on the east side of the 

 river Irwell, about nine miles from Manchester, and 

 194- from London. It is a large and prosperous 

 town, and principally noted for its manufacture of 

 cotton in all its branches, and for coarse woollen 

 goods, called half-thicks and kerseys. Numerous 

 factories are established on the rivers and brooks in 

 the vicinity ; and the conveyance, bo;h of the raw 



B U K 



material, and of manufactured goods, is greatly faci- 

 ! by the canal from Bury to Manchester. Thii 

 town owes its wealth and commercial importance, in 

 a great measure, to the laudable exertions of Sir Ro- 

 Peclc, Bart., who has established extensive ma* 

 nufacturing and calico printing works on the banks 

 of the Irwell, and who has given every encourage- 

 ment to the invention and improvement of useful ma- 

 chinery. The church of Bury, which was rebuilt in 

 1780, is rather a handsome structure ; besides which, 

 it has a chapel of ease, and Methodist, Presbyterian, 

 and Independent meeting-houses. It has alo a tree 

 school for boys with two masters, and a charity 

 school for boys and girls. A dreadful accident occur- 

 red lure in 1787, by the falling of the theatre, when 

 nearly 300 persons were buried in the ruins, many of 

 whom were killed, and others terribly bruised. The 

 population of Bury, by the increase of manufactures 

 in its neighbourhood, was more than tripled in less 

 than 30 years. In 1773, it contained 461 houses, 

 and 2090 inhabitants ; while, according to the cen- 

 sus of 1801, there were 1341 houses, and 7072 in- 

 habitants, of whom 454-5 were returned as employ- 

 ed in trade and manufactures. It has three annual 

 fairs, and a weekly market on Thursday. N. Lat. 

 53 56', W. Long. 2 26'. See Beautiet of Eng- 

 land and Wales, vul. ix. p. 291. (t) 



BURY ST EDMUNDS, a populous borough in the 

 county of Suffolk, is situated on the river Lark, and 

 is remarkable for the salubrity of its climate, which 

 has gained it the distinguished appellation of the 

 Montpellier of England. It owes its name to an ab- 

 bey, which was founded here, about the year 903, 

 in honour of St Edmund, king of the East Angles, 

 who was murdered by the Danes in a wood at Huxne, 

 and whose shrine, in the days of superstition, became 

 a place of great resort and veneration. Of this ab- 

 bey, which was esteemed one of the largest and 

 richest in the kingdom, one gate only remains, which, 

 however, presents a fine specimen of its former gran- 

 deur. It is a clean and handsome town, containing 

 34- streets, which are wide and well paved, and in- 

 tersect each other at nearly right angles ; and, in- 

 cluding the suburbs, it extends a mile from east to 

 west, and about two miles from north to south. Its 

 principal buildings are, the churches of St Mary and 

 St James's, which are handsome structures, with spa- 

 cious and elegant windows, and are deservedly es- 

 teemed for their exact and beautiful symmetry. The 

 church of St Margaret is now converted into a bhirc- 

 hall, where the county assizes are held. It has also 

 a spacious guildhall, a beautiful market cross sur- 

 rounded with iron railing, an elegant little theatre, a 

 free grammar school, four meeting-houses, and an hos- 

 pital, or work house, for 30 boys, and as many girls. 

 Its only manufacture is spinning wool, which is used 

 in the fabrication of fine stuffs. The government of 

 the town is vested in a recorder, 12 buigesses, and 

 24 common council men. One of the burgesses is 

 annually chosen alderman, who holds the office of 

 chief magistrate, and six senior burgesses act as as- 

 sistant justices. 



Bury St Edmund's is said to have been the pla?e 

 where the barons of England, at the instigation of 

 Cardinal Langton, entered into a confederacy to a*- 



Bury. 



