CAD 



186 



CAD 



Cadiz, has capital anchorage ground, and is from ten to 

 -v twelve leagues in circumference. It is every where 

 protected by mountains, except on the west, where 

 it opens towards the oc< an, and where it is defended 

 by the forts of St Seb?Aian and St Catherine. The 

 entrance into the inner bay, where the ships of war 

 generally lie, is strongly defended by forts Louis and 

 Matagorda, whose tires cross one another, and also 

 by Puntal fort on the opposite shore. On the east- 

 ern extremity of this bay is the Caraca, or royal 

 dock yard, which contains twelve docks for building 

 all sorts of ships of war ; and three great basons, one 

 for careening frigates, and two for careening ships of 

 the line of all ;rates. It has immense magazines of 

 naval stores, consisting of cloth, cordage, cables, an- 

 chors, arms, timber, yards, masts, and sheets of cop- 

 per. Cables, sail-cloth, and ropes, are made here ; 

 and 5518 ship-wrights and others are constantly em- 

 ployed throughout the year. 



" The rocks near Cadiz," says Mr Jacob, " are of a 

 very singular structure. The basis of their compo- 

 sition is probably pechslein ; and in this, by its glu- 

 tinous power, the shells, pebbles, quartz, sand, and 

 marble have been so intermixed and hardened in the 

 course of years, as to form a compact kind of stone. 

 This glutinous matter is at first of a greyish black ; 

 but in process of time, when mixed and combined 

 with other substances, changes into a very light yel- 

 lowish colour : it possesses so much tenacity, that 

 pieces of brick, tiles, chalk, shells, and other rub- 

 bish thrown into the sea, become incorporated with 

 it, and in time so firmly united, as to appear a piece 

 .of solid stone. It forms an excellent stone for build- 

 ing, is easily worked, and very durable." 



In the neighbourhood of Cadiz is an extensive tun- 

 ny fishery, which is a source of great traffic and pro- 

 lit to the inhabitants. They have a particular me- 

 thod of salting and preserving these animals, by 

 which they can export them in good condition to any 

 part of the world. Though this fish was well known 

 to the ancients, who made it a great article of com- 

 merce, and there are still some considerable tunny 

 fisheries on the coasts of Sicily and other parts of 

 the Mediterranean sea ; yet the inhabitants of Cadiz 

 awe the discovery of it upon their own shores en- 

 tirely to chance. A party of fishermen, when na- 

 vigating towards the north-west, came to a part 

 of the sea which was filled with moss and sea-weed. 

 Perceiving under the weeds an immense number of 

 tunnies, which they called atfmnas, they caught as 

 many as they were able ; and having cured them ac- 

 cording to their own fashion, put them in barrels, and 

 carried them home. They afterwards exported them 

 to different ports in the Mediterranean, where they 

 met with a prodigious sale ; and this traffic is now 

 extended to almost every part of Europe. It was in 

 gratitude for this discovery, we are told, that the city 

 of Cadiz stamped upon one side of its coins two tun- 

 nies, and the temple of Hercules on the other ; ac- 

 knowledging that it was to them it was indebted for 

 the high station which it held among the cities of the 

 world. The tunny fishing commences here in the be- 

 ginning of May, and lasts until the middle of June. 



At Cadiz, the common period for bills of exchange 

 with England, Holland, Hamburgh, and other fo- 

 reign countries, except France, is sixty days after 



the date of the bill, wit) six days of grace. With 

 France, it is only a month, with the same number of 

 days of grace. 



The population of Cadiz, according to M. de La- 

 borde, is computed at 70,000. Mr Townsend, who 

 visited Spain in 1786-7, reckons it at 65,987, and 

 says, that about ten years before it had been estima- 

 ted at 85,000, besides 20,000 persons who entered 

 daily from the sea, and the adjacent country. At 

 this place, the tide runs north-east and south west ; 

 and at spring tides, it is high water at half past four 

 o'clock. W. Long. 6 11' 50", N. Lat. 36 31' 7". 

 See De Laborde's View of Spain, vol. ii. p. 69. ; Col- 

 lins' Voyages to Portugal and Spain, &c. p. 22., in 

 Phillip's Collection of Voyages, Sec. vols. viii. and x. ; 

 Townsend's Journey through Spain; Fisher's Tra- 

 vels in Spain ; Semple's Journey through Spain, &c. 

 vol. i. p. 141. ; Semple's Second Journey in Spain, 

 &c. p. 263. ; Jacob's Travels in the South of Spain, 

 in 1809 and 1810, p. 5, &c. ; Osbeck's Voyage to 

 China and the East Indies, vol. i. p. 13, &c, ; Guide 

 des Voyageurs, torn. i. p. 39. ; and Peuchet Diction- 

 naire, &c. (p) 



CADMUS, in fabulous history, the son of Age- 

 nor, king of Phoenicia, and brother of Europa. His 

 sister having been carried off by Jupiter, he was or- 

 dered by his father to go in search of her, and not to 

 return till he had found her. Being completely dis- 

 appointed in the object of his mission, and not daring 

 to return into his own country, he began to look out 

 for a place in which he might fix his residence. By the 

 advice of the Delphic oracle, he followed a cow, and 

 where ever she lay down he determined to build a city. 

 In the mean time he sent his associates to a fountain 

 to bring water ; they were all destroyed by an enor- 

 mous serpent. Cadmus not knowing what detained 

 them, went in search of them, when he saw the dead 

 bodies, and the monstrous serpent lying beside them. 

 He immediately attacked the monster, and after a 

 dreadful contest, which is beautifully described by 

 Ovid, he slew him ; and by the advice of Pallas 

 sowed his teeth in the ground, from which imme- 

 diately sprung up a crop of armed men, who were 

 prepared to assail Cadmus. By the direction of Pal- 

 las, he threw a stone amongst them, when they im- 

 mediately turned their arms against each other, and 

 all fell by mutual slaughter, except five, who assisted 

 him to build the walls of Thebes. Cadmus and his 

 wife Hermione, who was given to him by the gods, 

 were themselves at last changed into serpents. 



Such is the fabulous history of this celebrated per- 

 son, from which it will be extremely difficult to ex- 

 tract any thing like a rational meaning. It is not 

 easy to account for the frequent introduction of the 

 serpent in this story. Shuckford has given a Hebrew 

 sentence descriptive of the exploits of Cadmus, which 

 may either be translated " he raised a company of 

 wen armed with brazen weapons," or " he raised 

 Jive armed men from the teeth of a serpent." This is 

 merely conjectural, although we think it extremly 

 probable that the greater part of mythological fables 

 has arisen from mistranslation. 



The learned Bochart has also endeavoured to show, 

 but on different grounds, that the fabulous story of 

 Cadmus has arisen from the errors of the Greeks in 

 interpreting the Phoenician or Syrjac language. He 



Cadmi 



