C A E 



187 



\ 



i 



supposes that Cadmus was a Hivite, who fled from 

 th<- f.tcr of Joshua ; that the Hivites were call<-d 

 ;nonites, which signifies > v, because they 



inhabited mount Hennoii, the most eastern part 

 of Canaan ; and that Hermione or Harmonia, Cad- 

 nuis's vvifo, had lu-r name from this mountain. He 

 explains the fable of their being changed into serpents, 

 from the circumstance of their retaining the name of 

 Hivites, which word, in the Syriac language, signifies 

 a serpent. We want nothing here but facts, to esta- 

 blish the ingenious conjectures of the mythologist. 



Sir Isaac Newton, with a facility of assumption 

 which he would have been the last to countenance in 

 physical science, supposes that Cadmus headed a 

 colony of Phoenicians and Syrians, who fled from the 

 conquests of David ; and he alleges that he flourish- 

 ed about the year 104-5 A. C. 



Mr Bryant disputes the existence of Cadmus as an 

 individual ; but thinks, according to his usual mode 

 of interpreting mythology, that what is in this case 

 ascribed to an individual, applies only to different 

 colonies, which at various periods emigrated from the 

 East into Greece. Cadm,in Hebrew, signifies the East. 

 The only thing which seems to be known with 

 tolerable certainty is, that Cadmus first introduced 

 the knowledge of alphabetical letters into Greece. 

 The Cadmean letters were sixteen in number, x, (3, y, 

 3, f, t y x, A, p y , , v, {, <r, T, v. To these, four were 

 added by Palamedes, in the time of the Trojan war, 

 ^ <P> X- The other four were afterwards intro- 

 duced by Simonides. (g) 



C^ECILIUS STATIUS, an ancient Roman co- 

 mic poet, the cotemporary and friend of Ennius, was 

 originally a slave, and a native of Insubrian Gaul. 

 (Aid. GcU. iv. 20.; Cic. Oral. it. 10.) The ancient 

 authors have given us little information concerning 

 him or his writings ; but he is classed among the few 

 Roman poets who acquired any reputation by his 

 comedies. Horace contrasts him with Terence ; the 

 former, he says, excels in gravity, the latter in art. 

 (Epist. II. i. 59.) He is also commended for his wit 

 and humour, (Paterc. i. 17.) ; but his style is cen- 

 sured by Cicero : Mains enim auctor Lalinitalis est. 

 Ait. vii. 3. 



The fragments of Coecilius have been collected, 

 and commented upon by H. Stephen. See also the 

 Corpus Poet a rum of Maittaire (3) 

 CEMENT. See CEMENT. 

 CAEN, CADOMUS, or CATHOM, a city of France, 

 in Lower Normandy, and capital of the department 

 of Calvados, is situated in an extensive and fertile 

 valley, nt the confluence of the rivers Orne and Odon, 

 about 67 leagues west from Paris. It is surrounded 

 by a high wall flanked with 21 towers, and further 

 defended by a strong castle ; part of which is said 

 to have been built by the English when they held 

 the sovereignty of the country. The town hall is 

 a large building, with four turrets ; and the place 

 rot/ale* which is a spacious and regular square, is 

 adoriied with some very fine houses, and has an eques- 

 trian statue of Louis XIV., in a Roman habit, in 

 the centre. Including the four subuibs, Caen has 

 12 parish churches, an episcopal palace, 2 abbeys, 

 and 14 convents. The abbey of St Stephen was 

 built by William the Conqueror, and contains the 

 ashes of that monarch. This town has also a cele- 



brated university, which was fir t founded by Henry 

 VI. of England, in 1431, for the study of civil and v 

 canon law ; the faculties of theology and the arts 

 being added in 14-36, and that of medicine in the fol- 

 lowing year, by letters patent dated from Kensing- 

 ton ; and an academy of sciences, instituted in 17CXJ; 

 a society of agriculture and of commerce ; a lyceum, 

 a school for navigation, a botanical garden, and a 

 public library. 



Caen has a great variety of manufactures, of which 

 the principal are, drabs and other woollen stuffs, rat- 

 teens, serges, fustians, linens, dimities, hosiery, laces, 

 porcelain, iron-ware, and some extensive tan-works. 

 The drabs and ratteens are made of Spanish wool, and 

 arc in general carried to Paris. The erge are 

 fabricated from the wool of the country ; and for- 

 merly constituted the chief'manufacture of this city. 

 Before the Revolution it employed 130 looms and 250 

 workmen, and annually funmhed from 4OOOto 5000 

 pieces. But this number, from the numerous esta- 

 blishments of similar manufactures throughout France, 

 has been reduced to nearly a third. The stocking 

 manufacture has experienced a similar reduction, and 

 of 500 workmen, who were formerly engaged in thii 

 trade, scarcely 100 remain in the city of Caen. Its 

 tanneries, however, still maintain their reputation, 

 particularly for strong leather. They work nothing 

 but foreign hides, which they derive from St Do- 

 mingo, Brasil, the Havannah, Carthagena, Cura9ao, 

 and Mexico, and which they prepare in a manner 

 equal to any place in France. 



Caen is conveniently enough situated for commerce, 

 as it has a direct communication with the ocean by 

 the river Orne. Its foreign trade, however, is chiefly 

 confined to the cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam ; 

 from whence it draws oak and fir planks, tar, cam- 

 peachy wood, japan wood, and other dye woods, 

 alum, galls, vitriol, sulphur, oil, copperas, whale bone, 

 lint-seed, gum-arabic, steel, tobacco pipes, delf- 

 ware, white thread for lace, cheese, linen, and iron 

 and copper ware ; for which it returns paper, shr rbet, 

 junipers, honey, the horns and hoofs of sheep and 

 oxen, green and dried pears, prunes from Maine, 

 raisins from Provence, and sometimes eggs for the re- 

 fining of sugar. Caen carries on also a considerable 

 maritime traffic with Rouen and Havre de Grace, 

 where it sends paper, iron, &c. ; and receives in return, 

 copper and iron ware, groceries, and various other 

 articles of national and foreign merchandize. But 

 the most active trade is carried on at the free fair, 

 which is held here on the second Monday after Q//a- 

 simodo, and lasts for 15 days. This fair is one of the 

 most crowded in the empire. Merchandize of every 

 description, particularly woollen and linen manufac- 

 tures, meet with a ready market ; and cattle and 

 horses are brought here from every quarter of Nor- 

 mandy and the neighbouring provinces. The goods 

 are generally exposed to sale in booths, built under 

 a covered market place, or under a wooden shed 

 covered with cloth. The payments commence on 

 the 14th day of the fair, and the protests are made 

 on the 15th. Caen has seven other fairs during the 

 year, each of which, however, continues only for one- 

 day. The interior commerce of this city, according 

 to the Abbe Expilly, amounted in 1772 to ncarJv 

 4,500,000 lirres. 





