C A G 208 



Caffrana, The method of disposing of their dead differs from 

 Catrliari. t j- i3t o f a \[ tne j r neighbours. The honours of sepul- 

 ture are bestowed only on their chiefs, who are com- 

 .monly interred very deep, in the places where their 

 oxen stand' during the night, or are covered over with 

 .stones, heaped up in the form of a cupola. The 

 .children are deposited in the ant-hills which have 

 been excavated by the myrmecophagi, or ant-eaters ; 

 but all the rest are thrown out into an open ditch, 

 which is common to the whole horde, and are there 

 left without covering, to be devoured by the wolves. 

 It is from this circumstance that the country abounds 

 .with these animals, as a Caffre, in consideration of 

 their services in this respect, never attempts to de- 

 fitroy them. But however shocking and unnatural 

 this practice may appear, yet the Caffres entertain a 

 great respect for the memory of their deceased rela- 

 tions ; and to swear by one of them is considered as 

 an inviolable oath. 



When Mr Barrow visited Cafferland in 1798, the 

 supreme authority was held by a young chief called 

 Gaika, who was of a most amiable disposition, and 

 possessed a clear and vigorous understanding. He 

 had been at war with his uncle Zambie, who, having 

 acted as regent during the minority of his nephew, 

 had refused to resign to him the government on his 

 coming of age. In this war Zambie had been joined 

 by a powerful chief to the northward ; but Gaika, 

 assisted by his father's friends, had been completely 

 victorious, and had taken the usurper prisoner. This 

 man, however, he treated with great lenity, restoring 

 to him his wives and all his effects ; and the only re- 

 striction that was imposed upon him, was to be 

 always in the same village with the king. Gaika 

 was well affected towards the British government at 

 .the Cape; and were the hostilities of the Dutch 

 boors sufficiently repressed, there is no doubt but 

 that the Caffre nation, under such a chief, would 

 make a rapid advancement in civilization. See Bar- 

 row's Account of Travels in Southern Africa, vol. i. 

 p. 166, &c. ; and vol. ii. p. 112. ; Le Vaillant Voyage 

 dans Vinterieure de I'Afrique, torn. ii. p. 200, &c. ; 

 Sparmann's Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, vol. ii. 

 p. 165. ; Thunberg's Travels in Europe, Africa, and 

 Asia, vol. i. and ii. ; and Paterson's Journies into the 

 Country of the Hottentots and Caffraria, p. 92, &c. 



(/O 



CAGLIARI, or CALARI, the capital of Sardinia, 



stands upon a commanding eminence, at the bottom 

 of a capacious bay on the southern side of the island. 

 The town rises from the sea, and, with its vicinity, 

 has a very handsome appearance from the bay. It 

 is defended by a castle and regular fortifications, and 

 is divided into the upper town, which is improperly 

 termed " The Castle," and the lower town, or sub- 

 urbs. The former is walled round, and contains 

 some tolerable buildings ; but the latter, which lies 

 upon the shore, is irregular and dirty, and chiefly in- 

 habited by the poorer classes. Cagliari was the resi- 

 dence of a viceroy, the see of an archbishop, the 

 place of assembly for the cortes or states general, and 

 the seat of an university, founded in 1606. It con- 

 tains a superb cathedral, five churches, and twenty 

 convents ; and had a royal audience, and several other 

 tribunals. 



6 



C A I 



This town possesses an excellent harbour, and is 

 most conveniently situated for an extensive commerce. 

 The want of proper encouragement, however, and 

 burdensome restrictions, prevent the inhabitants from 

 profiting by these advantages. They have little 

 trade, and seem to be completely absorbed in indo- 

 lence. The harbour is screened by a small island 

 called Pietra Laida, and in the bay a numerous fleet 

 may anchor in safety, in from three to fifteen fa- 

 thoms of water. A small mole, capable of containing 

 four galleys, lies opposite the low town. It is shut 

 in towards the south by a wall rising about three 

 feet above the sea, which serves as a rampart, and 

 has a battery of eleven pieces of cannon. 



Cagliari is supposed to have been first founded by 

 the Carthaginians, and called Caralis. Upon the ap- 

 pearance of a British fleet under Sir John Leak ia 

 1708, the inhabitants, fearing the destruction of their 

 town, compelled the governor to surrender, after a 

 few shots, when it was transferred to the Emperor 

 Charles VI. It was, however, retaken by the Spa- 

 niards in 1717, and about two years after ceded to 

 the house of Savoy. Population 30,000. N. Lat. 

 39 25', E. Long. 9 16'. See Peuchet Dictionnaire, 

 &c. ; Azumi Histoire Geographique, Politique, et 

 Naturelle de la Sardaigne, 1801 ; and Delia tilt a 

 Cagliari, delta citta Sassari Notizie compendiose sacre 

 e profane, 1780. (i>) 



CAHORS, a town of France, anciently called 

 Divona Cadnrci, and, before the revolution, the ca- 

 pital of Quercy, and a bishop's see, but now the 

 chief place in the department of the Lot, is situated 

 upon a peninsula formed by that river, about 143 

 leagues south from Paris. It is an irregular town, 

 with narrow streets, built partly against the steep 

 side of a hill, and defended with a thick wall and 

 regular fortifications. The cathedral, which is orna- 

 mented with a large cupola, bears evident marks of 

 antiquity ; and there are still to be seen the ruins of 

 a Roman amphitheatre and aqueduct. It has an aca- 

 demy and lyceum ; but its university, which was es- 

 tablished in 1332, was united to that of Thoulouse in 

 1751. Cahors has some manufactures of superfine and 

 common drabs and ratteens. Its principal trade and 

 wealth, however, are derived from the vineyards in 

 the neighbourhood, which annually produce about 

 60,000 pipes of wine. This wine holds a high rank 

 among the red wines of France, and great quantities 

 of it are transported by the Lot and the Garrone to 

 Bourdeaux, from whence it is carried to Holland and 

 England. This town carries on also a considerable 

 traffic in hogs and walnut oil with Languedoc and 

 Spain. It formerly had four annual fairs, each of 

 which lasted four days ; but it has now twelve, of 

 one day each, which are held on the first day of eve- 

 ry month, except in January and November, when 

 the fair is kept on the third. 



Cahors is governed by a prefect, a secretary-gene- 

 ral, a receiver-general, a paymaster, and a director of 

 the customs ; and has a court of criminal and special 

 justice, a tribunal of commerce, and a chamber of 

 manufactures. Population 12,000. N. Lat. 44 26', 

 E. Long. 1 32'. See Peuchet Dictionnaire, &c. ; 

 and Tynna Almanack du Commerce, 1811. (L) 



CAIFA, CAIPHA or HEIFA, EPHE, KEPHE, 



C abort, 



Caifa. 



