C A L 



228 



GAL 



Calbary. 



biographical sketches, and as a repository of interest- 

 ing and important facts. Dr Calamy, with a high 

 reputation for learning, judgment, candour, benevo- 

 lence, and piety, died ( 1732.) in the sixtieth year of 

 his age, having been twics married, and leaving be- 

 hind him several children. See Mayo's Funeral Str- 

 mon npon Edmund Calamy, D.D.; Calamy's A- 

 bridgment of tfie Life oj Baxter; and Biographia 

 Britanrtica. (i) 



CALANCHOE. See VEREA, BOTANY Index. 



CALATAGIRONE, the name of a city in Si- 

 cily, situated in the Val di Note, on the top of a 

 high insulated hill, and surrounded with groves of 

 cypress. The road up the hill, which is well paved, 

 is so extremely steep, that it can scarcely be ascended 

 by any other animal but a mule or an ass. This city 

 is considered as very ancient by the natives, who sup- 

 pose it to have been the inland Gela or Gelone of 

 the ancients. Ancient coins are still found here, and 

 De Non is of opinion, that it must have been the 

 Hybla-hcerea of antiquity. The inhabitants of Ca- 

 latagircne are reckoned the most polite people in the 

 island. Many of them live in an elegant maniier, but 

 the greater proportion are employed in agriculture, 

 and in the manufacture of potters ware. The town 

 was fortified by the Saracens, from whom it was ta- 

 ken by the Genoese. The corporation is one of the 

 richest in Sicily, from the estates with which the 

 bravery of the inhabitants was rewarded by Earl Ro- 

 ger. See Swinburne's Travels in the two Sicilies, vol. 

 iv. ; and De Non's Travels in Africa, p. 292. () 



CALBARY, CALBARI, or CALABAR, is a dis- 

 trict lying on the west coast of Africa, between the 

 Rio Real, and the river Forcades. The river Calbary, 

 which waters the district, and from which it takes its 

 name, though large, is very shallow, and is only navi- 

 gable by small vessels. The principal place of the coun- 

 try, which is likewise called Calbary, is situated on 

 the north bank of the western arm of the river, and is 

 the place with which the Dutch had formerly esta- 

 blished a very considerable trade, which is now trans- 

 ferred to Bani. The other towns are Wyndorp, or 

 Fokhe, situated near the coast, on the west bank of 

 the river ; Belli, situated about twelve leagues west of 

 the town of Calbary ; and Culeba, the capital of 

 the province of Bani. 



The face of the country is almost entirely covered 

 with thick woods, and is inhabited more by wild 

 beasts than by the human species. Though the rains 

 are very frequent, yet the earth is so sandy, that no 

 mark of humidity remains after the rain has ceased. 

 According to Grazilhiers, who wrote in 1699, about 

 30 or 40 tons of ivory were annually exported by 

 the Dutch, who also carried on a very extensive traf- 

 fic in slaves, which they received in exchange princi- 

 pally for bars of iron, copper, and brass. 



The cannibal Negroes, who inhabit the eastern 

 banks of the Calbary, circumcise all the marriageable 

 women; they sell their captives, and eat only those 

 who are slain. The canoes which they use are sixty 

 feet long and six broad. The rowers are seated on 

 cross benches ; and near each of them hangs a 

 quiver of arrows. Reed mats spread upon poles, 

 ?.nd fixed like tents, protect the masters during 



Calcutta. 



the night, while the slaves are exposed to all the ri- <?i!hnngr 

 gour of the weather. A full account of the trade 

 in slaves which was formerly carried o:> in C.i?bary, 

 will be found in Peuchet's Diction naire de la Geogr. 

 Commergante, vol. iii. p. 250. ( w) 



CALBONGOS, or CALBONGAS, the inhabitants 

 of a country on the coast of Guinea, in Africa, lying 

 between the river RID del Rey and the river Gabon, 

 but principally upon the banks of the former. The 

 country is low and marshy, and the village where the 

 commerce is carried on is situated on the east p nnt 

 of the embouchure of a small river, which discharges 

 itself into the Rio del Rey, and which is navigable 

 for chaloupes. The trade was altogether in the 

 hands of the Dutch, who exported annually from the 

 country about 400 or 500 slaves, and from 1000 to 

 1200 tons of ivory, which they received in exchange 

 for bars of iron, necklaces, bracelets, &c. As the 

 Galbongos are little known, it is customary to stop at 

 the Prince's Island and the island of St Thomas to 

 take Portuguese guides. The greatest inconveni- 

 ence in the country of the Calbongos is that there is 

 no fresh water but what is collected on the tops of 

 the houses during wet weather, and the air is con- 

 stantly loaded with fogs. 



A people called the Ambozes belong to the coun- 

 try of the Calbongos. They have several villages to 

 the east of Cape Camarones, which Barbot calls Ser 

 ges, Bodi, and Bodiva. The land produces all kinds 

 of plants and fruits known in Guinea, except palm 

 trees. In this place vessels may be furnished with, 

 cattle, poultry, fruit, and other refreshments. No 

 palm wine is to be obtained ; but in place of this the 

 inhabitants use a very agreeable beverage, which is 

 made of roots called Guiandas, boiled in water. 



Upon the coast there are three islands called the 

 Ambozes Isles, about seven leagues from the river 

 Camarones, and six leagues from Cape Ambosine, 

 towards the south east. The most eastern of these 

 is the greatest and the most populous. Vessels 

 may pass between the three islands, and sometimes 

 cast anchor below the greatest to traffic in elephant's 

 teeth and slaves. Though these islands appear rocky 

 at a distance, yet they are fruitful and populous. 

 Palm trees are found here in abundance, though 

 there are none on the opposite continent. Wine of 

 palm is made in great quantities, and the sea produf 

 ces much fish. The inhabitants understand the Por- 

 tuguese language, and are reckoned the most dan- 

 gerous negroes in Guinea. 



The Calbongos are represented as filthy, wicked-, 

 and deceitful. They are insincere in their dealings, 

 and destitute of natural affection. Parents will sell 

 their children, husbands their wives, and brothers 

 their sisters. They go almost naked, and bedaub their 

 bodies with various colours. All criminals are said 

 to be declared innocent, who make an incision in 

 their arms and suck out the blood, (w) 



CALCEOLARIA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Diandria, and order Monogyr.ia. SeeBoTANY, p. 88. 



CALCUTTA, the capital of Bengal, and of all 

 the British possessions in India, is situated on the 

 eastern bank of the Hoogly, which is navigable up 

 to the city for the largest ludiumen. It extends fuje 



