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CJIao. There arc no rocks in the bay, and the water is very 

 deep. As the winds which prevail here diiiii. 

 winti r always blow !>rtw<-n the south east and th>- 

 south, but most generally from the south, the bay 

 of Callao is always tranquil, being defended from the 

 south winds by a long neck of land which projects 

 into the sea, and by the large island of St Lawrence 

 opposite to this cape, and the small islands of Fron- 

 ton and El Corcobado. The river of Lima, which 

 discharges itself into the sea under the walls of Cal- 

 lao, furnishes abundance of good water, and the 

 loading and unloading of vessels is facilitated by a 

 mole furnished with excellent cranes. 



On the 20th of October 1687, at the second con- 

 cussion of the earthquake, the sea retired within its 

 usual limits, ai.d returning in mountainous waves, 

 overwhelmed Callao and the adjacent country. Du- 

 ring the earthquake of 1746, this town suffered still 

 greater devastations. The port of Callao and sevi nil 

 of the buildings sunk into the ground ; but this evil 

 was nothing, compared lo the dreadful catastrophe 

 which succeeded it. " The sea, says Ulloa, receding 

 to a considerable distance from the shore, returned 

 in mountainous waves, foaming with the violence of 

 the agitation, and suddenly turned Callao and the 

 neighbouring country into a sea. This was not, how- 

 ever, totally performed by the first swell of the waves, 

 for the sea retiring further, returned with still more 

 impetuosity, the Etupenduous water covering both 

 the walls and other buildings of the place, so that 

 whatever had escaped the first, was now totally over- 

 whelmed by these terrible mountains of waves, and 

 nothing remained except a piece of the wall of the 

 port of Santa Crux, as a memorial of this terrible de- 

 vastation. There were then 23 ships and vessels, 

 great and small in the harbour, of which 19 were ab- 

 solutely sunk, and the other four, amongst which was 

 a frigate called St Fermus, carried by the force of 

 the waves to a great distance up the country. This 

 terrible inundation extended to other parts on the 

 coast, as Cavallos and Guanape. At Callao, where 

 the number of inhabitants amounted to about 4000, 

 two hundred only escaped ; and twenty-two of these 

 by means of the above-mentioned fragment of a wall." 

 The town of Callao has been rebuilt upon the 

 same place, at the distance of a quarter of a league 

 from the sea, and has been called Bella-vista. As 

 Callao is the sea-port of Lima, a full account of its 

 trade will be given under the article LIMA. West 

 Long. 76 58', South Lat. 12 1' 53". See Juan and 

 UUoa's Voyage lo South America, vol. ii. book vii. 

 chap. viii. p. 82-84, in which will be found a plan of 

 the port of Callao. 



CALLAO, or according to Europeans, CAM- 

 PELLO, a small island in the Chinese sea, stretching in 

 a north westerly direction, along the coast of Cochin- 

 china, about 30 miles from the continent, and i 

 nearly five miles long and two broad. Its eastern 

 shore is rendered completely inaccessible by a conti- 

 nued range of overhanging cliffs and immense rocks, 

 which in some places rise perpendicularly out of the 

 while the opposite side of the island is covered 



sea 



with verdure, and indented with several small sandy 

 bays, affording safe and convenient stations for land- 

 ing. These, however, are separated from each other 



a 



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by steep and rugged ridges, which renders all com- 

 munication between them by land extremely diffi- 

 cult. 



At the bottom of one of the largest of these bays, 

 is a fertile valley, containing about two hundred 

 acres, where the ground rises gently towards the 

 east, and is bounded on each side with lofty moun- 

 tains the highest of which is about 1 500 feet above 

 the level of the EC*. " This small but enchanting 

 spot," says Mr Barrow, " i beautifully diversified 

 with neat houses, temples, clumps of trees, small 

 hillocks swelling from the plain, and richly decorated 

 with shrubbery and trees of various kinds ; among 

 which the elegant anca, rising like a Corinthian co- 

 lumn, is eminently conspicuous." This is the oulr 

 inhabited part of the island ; and the principal vil- 

 lage, which stands upon the margin of the beach, 

 contains about 30 habitations. A Tew of the house* 

 are built of stone and roofed with tiles, but the rest 

 are constructed entirely of bamboo, and have a very 

 neat and cleanly appearance. About 30 others are 

 scattered over the valley, behind each of which are 

 enclosures of sugar canes, tobacco, and other vege- 

 tables ; at the head of the village is a house larger than 

 any of the rest, which Mr Barrow supposed to be 

 the habitation of the chief person of the island. It 

 was divided into a number of apartments, and en- 

 closed by a stone wall ; and the approach to it was 

 through a gateway between two stone pillars. On 

 the side of the hill behind the village, is a cave, ac- 

 cessible only by one path, through an irregular range 

 of rocks ; and at its mouth is a small temple, which 

 commands a view of the whole plain. This temple 

 is open in front, with a colonnade before it of round 

 wooden pillars, painted red and varnished. Several 

 others of the same construction are dispersed up and 

 down the valley. The inhabitants rear a few goats 

 on the sides of the mountains, which are covered 

 with luxuriant pasture ; and they water their rice 

 fields by carrying a small rivulet along the upper 

 ridges of the vale, and conveying it through sluices, 

 as occasion requires, to the grounds below. 



When Mr Barrow visited this place, the principal 

 inhabitants, terrified at the approach of a strange ves- 

 sel, embarked in their gallies and left the island ; and 

 as none of the people whom he met with could un- 

 derstand his Chinese interpreter, he was obliged to 

 have recourse to hieroglyphics, and to draw the fi- 

 gures of such articles as he wished to purchase. 

 Poultry and fruits were immediately brought, for 

 which he paid high prices, in order to conciliate the 

 good will of the islanders. See Barrow's f'oyage to 

 Cochinchina ; or, Staunton's Account of an Embassy 

 to China, vol. i. p. 366, &c. (L) 



CALLE, LA, a seaport town of Algiers, io the 

 province of Constantine. The sea surrounds it on 

 three sides, and the other side is defended by a strong 

 wall. About the year 1560, a company of merchants 

 from Marseilles built a fort near this place for the 

 protection of their magazine of corn, and of the boats 

 in which they carried on the coral fishery. The 

 Algerines speedily demolished this fort, under the 

 pretence that the French had carried off so much 

 corn as to occasion a famine in the country ; but in 

 1728 Louis XIII. sent an engineer to build another 



CllliO, 



