C A L 



264 



C A L 



Calien 



fort called the Bastion of France, at a little distance 

 t;i the cat,' <,f the former ones. The foundations 

 were scare- ly laid, when the Moors and Arabs again 

 destroyed it, and compelled the engineer to re-em- 

 bark. The French king, however, unwilling to 

 abandon his plan, completed the fort a few years af- 

 terwards, and the French African Company esta- 

 blished the-Tiselves in the place. The insalubrity of 

 the situation, arising from the ponds and marshes 

 which are adjacent to it, induced the company to en- 

 ter into an agreement w ; th the Dey of Algiers, by 

 which they were pern.'tted to remove to La Calle, 

 another inlet about three It-ague^ to the east, and to 

 carry on d free commerce with the Moors and Arabs. 

 At La Calle, they had a magnificent house and gar- 

 den, three hundred coral fishers, a company of sol- 

 diers, several pieces of ordnance., and a place of arms. 

 The rest of the town consists of mean huts, inhabit- 

 ed by the lower orders from Marseilles, who were em- 

 ployed in the service of the company. " Besides the 

 advantages of the coral fishery," says Dr Shaw, " and 

 of the whole trade of the circumjacent country, they 

 have ;dso at Bona, Tuckush, Sgigata, and Cull, the 

 monopoly of corn, wool, hides, and wax ; from 

 which they pay yearly to the government of Algiers, 

 to the Kaide of Bona, and to the chiefs of the neigh- 

 bouring Arabs, 30,000 dollars, i. e. about 5000 

 guineas of our money a trifling sum for such great 

 privileges." Dr Shaw thinks that the Bastion and 

 La Calle are too near each other to be taken for the 

 Diana and Nalpotes of the Itinerary, though he is of 

 opinion that they ought to be looked for in that si- 

 tuation. Population about 400. West Long. 8 50', 

 North Lat. 36 50'. See Shaw's Travels in Bar- 

 bati/, vol. i. p. 111. Edin. edit. chap. vii. (o) 



CALLEN, a port town of Ireland, in the county 

 of Kilkenny and province of Leinster. The princi- 

 pal objects deserving of notice in this place, are the 

 ruins of an abbey, and three castles, with some traces 

 of walls which Croimvell is said to have destroyed, 

 and a moat about 4-0 feet high, with a flat top 138 

 feet by 72. About 36'GO acres of fine ground, with 

 a limestone bottom, are included within the liberties 

 of the town, and a common of 1500 acres, which has 

 been greatly diminished by encroachments, belong 

 to the inhabitants. There is here a distillery, and 

 some lace is manufactured in the towns. The seven 

 fairs which are held at Callen, are remarkable for the 

 sale of horses and turkeys. Great quantities of the 

 latter are bought up for the purpose of being sent to 

 Bristol. Number of houses 582. Population 3500. 

 West Long. 7 34.'. North Lat. 52 32'. (to) 



CALL1CARPA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Tetrandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, 

 p. 119. 



CALLICOCCA, See CEPHAELES, and BOTANY, 

 p. 150. 



CALLIGONUM, a genus of plants of the class 

 Dodecandria, and order Tetragynia. See BOTANY, 

 p. 226. 



CALLIMACHUS, a celebrated Greek poet and 

 grammarian, was born at Cyrene, in Lybia, flourish- 

 ed at Alexandria in the reigns of Ptolemy Philadel- 

 phus, and Ptolemy Euergetes, and died about the 

 4 



year 244 B. C. He was the son or descendant of 

 Batus ; whence he is called by Ovid Battiades. (Am. 

 i. 14, 33. Tr. ii. 367 &c.) He studied uiuier Her- 

 mocrates, the grammarian ; and, before he attracted 

 the notice of Ptolemy Philadelphus, taugh'. a school 

 at Alexandria, and had the honour of educating 

 Ap dlonius, author of the Argonautic* 



The poet'cal compositions of Caliimachus consist" 

 ed chiefly of short pieces, such as hymns, eiegi^s, and 

 epigrams ; and when it was remarked to him, that 

 his powers seemed to be unequal to the production 

 of any considerable work, he is said to have made use 

 of the proverbial answer, " A great book is a great 

 evil." He was the author, however, of two works 

 of greater length, entitled Hecate and Aitia. 



Quinctilian gives to Callimachus the first place 

 among the elegiac poets of Greece. (Inst. Orat.x. 1.) 

 Those of his compositions which have been preser- 

 ved are admired for their elegance and classical spirit, 

 The following, we believe, are the principal editions 

 of his wurks. H. Stephen'' s, 4to, 1577 ; Mad. Da- 

 tier's, 4to, Paris, 1674; Graevitis's, 8vo, Utrecht, 

 1697 ; Bentley's, 8v\>. London, 1741 ; Erncsti's, 8vo. 

 Leyden, l"6l ; Loesner's, 8vo. Leipsic, 1774. There 

 is a translation of Callimachus, into English verse, by 

 Dr Tytler, 4to, London, 1793. (z) 



CALLISIA, a genus of plants of the class Tri- 

 andiia, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 96. 

 CA LL1STHENES, a Greek historian and philo- 

 sopher, was a native of Olynthus, a disciple and 

 kinsman of Aristotle, and the contemporary of 

 Alexander the Great, whom he accompanied in his 

 expedition to the East. The austere temper, how- 

 ever, and unbending, republican spirit of Callisthenes, 

 were but little calculated for the meridian of a court, 

 and upon several occasions he gave great offence to 

 the haughty monarch, by the freedom of his reflec- 

 tions. At length, when Alexander came to the im- 

 pious and frantic resolution of assuming divine ho- 

 nours, Callisthenes not only refused to join the other 

 courtiers in flattering his pretensions, but addressed 

 to him a spirited remonstrance on the subject; which, 

 however, had no other effect, than to draw upon 

 himself the implacable hatred of the prince. The 

 conspiracy of Hermolaus furnished a pretext for im- 

 plicating him in a charge of treason ; though it 

 does not appear that he was otherwise guilty, than 

 by having uttered bold and unguarded expressions 

 against tyranny. He was, however, arrested along 

 with the other persons accused ; and though it would 

 seem that his fate was for some time suspended, it is 

 certain that he suffered death in consequence of the 

 charge which had been brought against him. 



Callisthenes wrote a History of the Actions of 

 Alexander, which is cited by several of the ancient 

 authors. Many other works, which are not now ex- 

 tant, are also ascribed to him, or to some other wri- 

 ter of the same name. Among these are a History 

 of Greece, comprehending 30 years from the peace 

 of Antalcidas ; a History of the Trojan war ; a Pe- 

 riplus ; Persies ; Macedonics ; Thracics ; and Me- 

 tamorphoses. See Arrian, Eocped. Alex. Plutarch, in 

 Alex. Quintus Curtius. Voss. Hist. Grcec. Fabr. 

 Bib. Grcec. (z) 



Callisia,. 



C.tilibt- 



heues. 



