CAM .307 



(Jhmpa. na, but no where are the inhabitants so little ac- 

 uacea quaintrd with the art of making wine. Oil is made 

 r "i in great quantities, and the proprietors derive a con- 

 /J \ siderable part of their income from this source. The 



principal towns in the Campagna are Rome, Velletri, 

 cati, Palestrina, Terracinas, Nettuno, Ostia, and 

 Tivoli. See Pliny, lib. xviii. cap. i. ; Varro, lib. ii. ; 

 Neueste Statittische und Moralische Uebtrxn hi dcx 

 Kirthcnstaats, Lubeck, 1793; Keysler's Travels, 

 vol. ii. p. 4-32 4-46 ; Mem. Acad. Par. 1779, p. 579 ; 

 Lumsden's Reniar. s on the Antiquities <>f Rome, Lon- 

 -<lon, 1797 ; Voyage sur la scene dex six der inert li- 

 mes de L'fcneidc, par C. V. de Bonsletten, Gene- 

 ve, 1805; A description of Lntinm or La Campagna 

 tii Roma, London J805; and Breislac Voyage Phy- 

 xiifiic et LUIiol(>t;i<i>' dans la Campafrna, fyc. traduit 

 du Manuscript Italien, par le General Pommereuil, 

 1 2 vols, Paris, 1803. (o) 



CAMPANACE^L. See BOTANY, p. 79, 29. 



CAMPANULA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Pentandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 

 147. 



CAMPANULACE.fi. See BOTANY, p. 79. 



CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD, Marquis of Argyle, 

 son of that Marquis of the same name who suflered 

 death unjustly in the reign of Charles II. The fa- 

 ther was firmly attached to the Presbyterian church 

 of Scotland, and to the constitution of his country, 

 as settled by law. He never disguised and never 

 changed his sentiments with regard to either. But 

 he lived in critical times ; he was under the reign of 

 a weak monarch ; and he had many enemies among 

 those who, while they unfortunately enjoyed the royal 

 confidence, were profligate enough to abuse it to the 

 purposes of bigotry, selfishness, and resentment. He 

 was tried before the Scottish parliament for abetting 

 the usurpation of Cromwell ; though, in point of 

 fact, he had done nothing more than submitted to it 

 from necessity ; and if it was criminal and treasonable 

 to do so, his prosecutors and his judges were as guilty 

 as himself. His destruction, however, was resolved 

 upon ; and, in spite of the ability of his counsel, the 

 demonstrations which were given of his innocence, 

 and the precautionary conduct of the king, who ra- 

 ther interfered in his behalf, he was condemned to be 

 beheaded at the cross of Edinburgh. He bore his 

 fate with heroic intrepidity and Christian resignation. 

 It has been the general, and should be the universal, 

 opinion that he suffered moRt unjustly. Clarendon's 

 account of his conduct, trial, and execution, is given 

 with great spirit, but with every degree of unfairness ; 

 nor is Mr Hume's representation of him much more 

 consistent with truth. 



The subject of this article was educated in the 

 principles of loyahy and religion, and soon distinguish- 

 ed himself by his personal merits. When Lord Lorn, 

 he was appointed colonel of the foot guards by a 

 commission from the king, in which command he dis- 

 played great bravery at the battle of Dunbar. He 

 persevered in his attachment to the royal cause long 

 after its affairs were desperate, not merely continuing 

 faithful as a soldier to his military trust, but even 

 joining with the enemies of hia family in promoting 

 the king's interests, and doing every thing that he 

 could to alleviate the sufferings of his master. Nor 

 did he refrain from his opposition and active hostility 



CAM 



to the new government, till he received orders from Campbell* 

 Charles himself, in 1655, to capitulate. This con- 

 duct, of which the monarch seemed to entertain a very ' 

 high opinion, and which he rewarded at the time with 

 marks of his confidence and favour, gave great of* 

 fence to Cromwell, who pursued him with the keenest 

 resentment, and excepted him out of the general par- 

 don which he issued in 1654. After his capitulation, 

 he lived as a peaceable subject ; but his submission 

 was evidently constrained, and accordingly he was 

 the object of perpetual suspicion. He refused to own 

 the authority both of the Protector and of Richard. 

 Informations were repeatedly lodged against him ; 

 formal security was taken for his good behaviour ; 

 persons in his service were bribed to watch him ; he 

 was even committed to prison in 1657, when some 

 disturbance took place in Scotland ; and what shews 

 as much as any thing the tone of his political pnyjci- 

 ples, the king reposed in him as much confidence "a 

 he placed in any other person in the kingdom. 



When Charles was restored, Lord Lorn went up 

 to London to congratulate his Majesty upon that 

 event, and carried with him a letter from his father, 

 which the king received in a kind and flattering man- 

 ner. He remained at court during his father's trial, 

 and employed all his influence to prevent the unjust 

 and melancholy fate in which it issued. This labour 

 of filial love, which was as amiable as it was unsuc- 

 cessful, instead of winning the esteem, only embittered 

 the animosity of his enemies, who immediately sought 

 his destruction on the most frivolous pretext. Hav- 

 ing convinced the Earl of Clarendon that his father 

 had been treated most unfairly and injuriously, he 

 wrote a letter to Lord Du.Fus, communicating that 

 important fact, and using some free expressions re- 

 specting the conduct of those who had been most ac- 

 tive in carrying on the prosecution. The letter wa 

 intercepted, carried to Lord Middleton, exhibited to 

 the Scottish parliament, considered by them as a libel 

 on their proceedings, and made the ground of a re- 

 presentation to the king, who, though he confessed 

 there was nothing criminal in it, yet pronounced it 

 indiscreet, and commanded Lord Lorn to go down 

 to Edinburgh. His Lordship had no sooner arrived 

 than he appeared before parliament, and made a speech 

 in his own vindication. He was, however, committed 

 prisoner to the castle. A process was commenced 

 against him, and being found guilty of leasing mak- 

 ing, or of creating dissension between the king and 

 his subjects, by giving the former false information, 

 he was condemned to lose his head, and to forfeit all 

 his estates. The day of his execution, however, was 

 left to the king's pleasure. When the news of this 

 proceeding reached England, it filled the court with 

 astonishment. Charles himself had no conception 

 that any body of men could turn such a slight mis- 

 demeanour into a capital offence. And Clarendon 

 declared, that if his majesty suffered such a danger- 

 ous precedent to take pluv, he would leave the king- 

 dom as fast as his gout would permit him. After 

 ten months imprisonment, Lord Lorn was liberated, 

 June 4-, 1663. By this time, Middleton, his inveterate 

 foe, had fallen into disgrace, and his own friends 

 risen to power. A royal patent restored to him his 

 grandfather's title and estate, and, besides other ad- 

 vantages of a similar kind, the king, aa a mark of hi* 

 6 



