C A M 



315 



CAM 



r\mpdcn, tioned, the weaving of cotton was introduced some 

 years ago ; but with what success we are not inform- 

 ed. Of late, a woollen manufacture has been set 



:^ by Mr Clarke, on a pretty large scale ; in 

 which the various processes of carding, spinning, wea- 

 ving, &c. arc carried on by the new machinery. 

 This extensive and laudable undertaking is patroni- 

 zed by the Duke of Argyle, and promises well, as a 

 ready market is found for the cloth in the vicinity, 

 and in Ireland. Campbelltovvn is situated at N. Lat. 

 55 26', W. Long. 5 34-'. (E) 

 CAMPDEN, or CHIPPING CAMPDEN, formerly 



.'t'tlfne, a town of England, in Gloucestershire, 

 is situated near the extremity of the county, in a fruit- 

 ful valley, among cultivated hills and hanging woods. 

 The town consists chiefly of one street, about a mile 

 long. The principal public buildings are, the court 

 house, which is situated about the middle of the 

 street, and seems to have been built about the begin- 

 ing of the fifteenth century ; the market house, which 

 was erected by Sir Baptist Hickes, Viscount Camp- 

 den, in 1624 ; and the clmrch, dedicated to St James, 

 which is supposed to have been built in the reign of 

 Richard I., and which stands on a gentle eminence 

 above the town. It is a large Gothic edifice, and 

 contains some of the finest marble monuments in 

 England. The nave of the church is sixty feet high, 

 with an aisle on each side. The tower at the west 

 end is 120 feet high, and is finished with battlements 

 and 12 pinnacles. The remains of a magnificent 

 mansion, erected by Sir Baptist Hickes, are still to be 

 .vccn near the church. It was an immense building, 

 adorned with frizes^ entablatures, and a profusion of 

 sculpture, and is said to have occupied, along with 

 the offices, a space of eight acres, and to have cost 

 29,000/. In the neighbourhood of the town there is 

 a silk mill and manufactory. 



The Coteswold games were held on Dover hill, 

 about half a mile from the town of Campden. Num- 

 ber of houses in 1801, 255. Population 1213; of 

 whom 6'94> were returned as employed in trade and 

 manufactures. See Rudder's New History of Glou- 

 cestershire, fol. Cirencester, 1779; and Rudge's 

 General view of the Agriculture of the County of 

 Gloucester, Lond. 1807. (tv) 



CAMPECHE, or CAMPEACHY, from Cam, 

 which in the Maya language signifies serpent, and pe- 

 che, the little insect (acarus), called by the Spaniards 

 garapata, which penetrates the skin, and occasions 

 a smart pain ; a town of America, in New Spain, situ- 

 ated in the intendancy of Merida, on the western side 

 of a bay of the same name, which forms part of the 

 gulf of Mexico. It stands on the Rio de san Fran- 

 cisco, and has a harbour which is large and shallow. 

 The houses are built of stone ; it has a good dock, 

 and a fort which commands both the town and har- 

 bour. The exportation of the wax of Yucatan is one 

 of the most lucrative branches of trade, but owing to 

 the insecurity of the harbour, vessels are obliged to 

 anchor a good way from the shore. Between Cam- 

 peche and Merida are two very considerable Indian 

 villages, called Xampolan and Equetchecan. 



The Campeche wood, ( Hacmatoxuloii Campcchia- 

 num,) grows in great abundance in the neighbouring 

 county. An annual cutting (Cortes de palo " 



pecfit,) takes place on the bank* of the river Cham- Camper. 

 poton, thcembouchure of which is south of the town of ''/ 

 Campeche, and within four leagues of the email village 

 of Lerma. " It is only with an extraordinary per- 

 mission," says Humboldt, ' from the inter.dant of 

 Mrrida, who bears the title of governor captain gene- 

 ral, that the merchant can, from time to time, cut down 

 campeche wood to the east of the mountains near the 

 bays of Ascension, Todos los Santos, and El Ebpiri- 

 to Santo. In these creeks of the eastern coast, the 

 English carry on an extensive and lucrative contra- 

 band trade. The campeche wood, after being cut 

 down, must dry for a year before it can be sent to 

 Vera Cm/, the Havanah, or Cadiz. The quintal 

 of this dried wood (palo de (hita,) is sold at Cam- 

 peche for two piastres to two piastres and a half 

 (from 8s. 9d. to 10*. lid.]. The hzmatoxylon, so 

 abundant in Yucatan and the Honduras coast, is also 

 to be found scattered throughout all the forests of 

 equinoctial America, wherever the mean temperature 

 of the air is not below 22 degrees of the centigrade 

 thermometer, (71 of Fahrenheit). The coast of 

 Florida, in the province of New Andalusia, may one 

 day carry on a considerable trade in Campeche and 

 Brazil wood, which it produces in great abundance." 

 The habitual population of the town is 6000. West 

 Long. 90 30', North Lat. 1 9 30'. See Humboldt's 

 Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, vol. 

 ii. p. 247, 24-8, 249 ; see also the article BUCCANEERS 

 in this work, vol. v. p. 32, col. 2. (JT) 



CAMPER, PETER, an eminent anatomist and nz- 

 tural historian, was born at Leyden on the llth of 

 May 1722. His family had long held a high situa- 

 tion in the magistracy of that city ; and his father, 

 Florent Camper, who had for some years been a mi- 

 nister of the gospel at Batavia, and had returned to his 

 native country in!71 3, was distinguished by his philoso- 

 phical and literary accomplishments, and associated 

 with the most learned characters of Leyden. Boer- 

 haave, Gravesande, Musschenbroek, and Moor, were 

 his most intimate friends ; and it was in the society of 

 these celebrated men that young Camper spent much 

 of his youth, and from their conversation imbibed that 

 love of science and the fine arts for which he afterward* 

 became so conspicuous. At an early age, Camper 

 was instructed by the famous Moor in the art of de- 

 signing and painting ; a study which, though he had 

 no intention of prosecuting but as an amusement, yet 

 was of the utmost advantage to him in his anatomi- 

 cal researches, as it enabled him to make drawings of 

 such figures and preparations as he wished to have 

 engraved. The plates with which his worka are il- 

 lustrated, are consequently free from ma^y inaccu- 

 racies which dependence upon the delineations of 

 others often renders unavoidable. His knowledge of 

 geometry, which he also acquired when young, un- 

 der the tuition of the celebrated Labordes, proved, 

 another useful auxiliary in his future pursuits, and 

 gave a correctness to his elucidations which they 

 could not otherwise have possessed. These studies, 

 however, he soon quitted for more important acqui- 

 sitions ; and, having entered the university of Ley- 

 den. he devoted himself in a particular manner to 

 medicine, which soon became his favourite study. 

 The different branches of that science were thea 



