CAN 



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CAN 



(janteen, bounded on the north by the department of the Puy 

 Canter- je Dome; on the west by the departments of Correze 

 *"7v, and Lot ; on the south by that of Aveyron ; and on 

 """^ the east by those of the Lozere and the higher Loire. 

 This department is in the middle of the mountains of 

 ancient Auvergne, the highest of which, called Le 

 Plomb de Cantal, gives name to the department, and 

 is about 1917 metres, or 984- toises, above the level 

 of the sea. The quantity of grain raised in this de- 

 partment is not very great, but the pasturage is ex- 

 cellent, and supports a great quantity of cattle of all 

 kinds. Cheese is one of the most considerable arti- 

 cles of commerce. There are mines of copper, anti- 

 mony, and pit coal in the department ; and quarries 

 of marble and slate. In the canton of Vic-en-Car- 

 ladez there is a celebrated mineral spring. The de- 

 partment contains about 5800 square kilometers, or 

 383 square leagues of 2000 toises. The forests oc- 

 cupy about 29 or 30 hectares, of which two thirds 

 belong to individuals, and the rest to the nation and 

 the communes of the country. The contributions 

 in the year 1803, were 2,038,302 francs. Aurillac 

 is the chief place of the department. Population, 

 237,22*. (rv) 



CANTEEN, the name of a vessel generally made 

 of white-iron or wood, in which soldiers carry their 

 liquor. Wooden canteens are now very common in 

 the British army, and are made of a cylindrical form, 

 4 inches long, and 7 inches diameter, so as to hold 

 three pints. 



A set of ingenious machines, for the manufacture 

 of canteens, has been erected by Mr George Smart, 

 of Ordnance Wharf, Westminster Bridge, who makes 

 them in great quantities for government. The limits 

 of our work, however, prevent us from giving any 

 account of this machinery, by which Mr Smart has 

 .so simplified all the operations, that a good work- 

 man, working 14 hours a day, will head and hoop 200 

 canteens each day. Wainscot, or foreign oak of the 

 best kind, is the wood which is now employed, (w) 



CANTERBURY, the Durovernum of the Ro- 

 mans, is the capital of the county of Kent, and the 

 archiepiscopal see of the primate of all England. It is 

 situated in a fine valley, on the banks of the river 

 Stour, which here forms five or six islands, by divi- 

 ding itself into different branches. The town of Can- 

 terbury is far from being well built, though, during 

 the last 40 years, it has been much altered, and great- 

 ly improved in its general appearance. Canterbury 

 was formerly defended by a castle, surrounded with 

 walls, which seem to have been 1| of a mile in cir- 

 cumference ; but the castle has been destroyed, and 

 only a small part of the walls remains. The average 

 thickness of the wall is from six to seven feet ; at re- 

 gular intervals it was defended with twenty -one square 

 and semicircular fortified towers, and the whole of it 

 was encircled with a deep fosse, 150 yards wide. 

 The entrance to the city was through six fortified 

 gates, and through some smaller openings in the walls, 

 called Postern gates. The principal gates were, 

 West-gate, North-gate, Burgate, St George's gate, 

 Riding-gate, and Wincheap-gate. The first of these, 

 which was the largest, stands on a bridge of two 

 arches, over the river Stour, and consists of a centre, 

 flanked by two lofty round towers, which are occu- 

 pied as a prison. This gate was built at the expence 

 of Archbishop Sudbury. The place where the North- 

 gate stood forms the principal entrance from the Isle 



of Thanet. St George's gate, which resembled West- 

 gate, was built about the year 1470. It contained 

 the water reservoirs of the city, and was pulled down 

 in the year 1801. Burgate, which had been rebuilt 

 of brick, with stone coins, in 1475, was demolished 

 a few years before St George's gate. The Riding- 

 g?te, which has been recently pulled down, has its 

 place occupied with a modern arch, over which is the 

 terrace walk, which was formed in 1790, upon this 

 part of the city wall. 



The ruins of the castle are situated on the south- 

 west side of the city. Its outer walls included an ex- 

 tent of more than four acres. The Keep, which is 

 the only part now remaining, is about 88 feet long, 

 by 80 broad, and the present height of its walls i* 

 50 feet. A large malt-house and other buildings, 

 now occupy a part of the castle-yard ; and the north- 

 west division has been used as a depot for military- 

 stores. 



About 300 yards to the south-east of the castle is 

 a circular artificial mount, included within a salient 

 angle of the city wall. Its name Dane John, or Dun- 

 geon Hill, has given rise to the opinion that it was 

 the work ofthe Danes. In the year 1790, and 1791, 

 the broad and deep ditch which encompassed about 

 two-thirds of its base was filled up, and serpentine 

 walks were cut round its sides. These walks were 

 connected with a terrace 600 yards long, formed oa 

 the top of the high rampart within the wall, and ad- 

 ditional walks were formed in the adjoining field. 

 The principal of these, which is 1110 feet long, is 

 flanked with a double row of limes, and unites with 

 the terrace walk at each end. On the top of this 

 mount is a stone pillar, erected to the memory of 

 James Simmons, Esq. by whom these improvements 

 were made. 



The principal public building at Canterbury is the 

 cathedral, which stands on the north-east part of the 

 city, and which, with the various edifices that be- 

 long to it, occupies a very great extent of ground. It 

 contains specimens of the style of architecture of al- 

 most every age, from the arrival of the Normans to 

 the time of the dissolution, and is equally remarkable 

 for the magnificence of its general appearance, for 

 the splendour of its architecture, and for the excel- 

 lence of its monumental sculpture. The general 

 form of this noble pile is that of a double cross, with 

 a circular terminr.tion at the east, and two massive 

 towers at the we.^t end; while a third tower, which is 

 more elegant than the other two, rises from the in- 

 tersection of the nave and the west transept. The 

 whole of it was newly paved with plain Portland stone 

 in the year 1788. The principal parts of the cathe- 

 dral which are deserving of notice are, the west front 

 with its large and elegant window between two towers ; 

 the south porch, which forms the principal entrance 

 to the cathedral ; the chapel of the virgin, which is a 

 fine specimen of the pointed style of architecture ; St 

 Michael's chapel ; the choir, which is reckoned the 

 most spacious in the kingdom, and is fitted up in a 

 very handsome manner ; the chapel of the Holy Tri- 

 nity, which contained the shrine of Becket, the ves- 

 try, the treasury, the audit room, the library, the 

 chapter-house, and the cloisters. 



The interior length of the cathedral, from east to 

 west, is 514 feet ; the length of the choir 180 feet ; 

 the length of the nave to the bottom of the choir 

 steps, 178 feet, and from thence to the screen at the 



Canter- 

 bury. 



