CAP 



413 



CAP 



Ctptun.ua CAFITANATA. See NAPLES. 

 CAPITOL. See ROM i. 

 CAPO D'lsTiiiA, the /i:i<la and the Justino- 



uf" the ancients, is a sea-port town of Istri.. 

 tu.itccl upon an oval island, which is connected with 

 continent by means of a causeway half a mile 

 long. Th;> town is one of the largest places in that 

 part of Istria which formerly belonged to the Vene- 

 tians. It is about two miles in circumference ; is the 

 of a bishop suffragan of the archbishop of Udi- 

 na, and exclusive of the cathedral which was built 

 in the 18th century; it has forty churches or cha- 

 , and thirty convents ; two hospitals, and a pawn- 

 bank, where money is advanced on pledges. The 

 principal articles of its commerce are derived from 

 its salt-pits and vineyards. By means of an aque- 

 duct which passes under the salt-works, the town is 

 well provided with spring water. The air is here 

 more salubrious than in the other maritime towns of 

 Istria. 



This town was taken by assault by the Venetians 

 in the year 932, but it was retaken by the Genoese 

 in the 14th century ; and, in 14-78, it was restored 

 to the republic of St Mark. East Long. 13 48' 30", 

 North Lat. 45 38' 10". See Voyage Pittoresque ct 

 Hittoriqne de VIsiric ct de la Dabnatie, redigc d'uprcs 

 I'Jtineraire de L. F. Cassas, peinlrc, par Jean La- 

 vallcr. Paris, 1802. (o) 



CAPPADOCIA was, in ancient times, a pro- 

 vince of Lydia in Asia, extending from Mount Tau- 

 rus to the Euxine Sea; but was divided first by the 

 Persians, and afterwards by the Macedonians, into 

 two dynasties. The northern division, which, from 



Boun- its situation, received the appellation of Cappadocia 

 ad Pontiim, was soon denominated Pontus, and under 

 this title its history will more properly appear. The 

 southern division, which we are now to describe, was 

 at first called Cappadocia ad Taiirum, or Cappadocia 

 ^lagna ; but when the other division took the name 

 of Pontus, it claimed to itself the name of Cappado- 

 cia. This country, bounded on the east by the Eu- 

 phrates and Armenia Minor; on the south by Lyca- 

 onia and Armenia Major ; on the west by Galatia ; 

 and on the north by Pontus ; stretches from the 38th 

 to the 41st degree of north latitude. The name of 

 this region, according to Pliny, was derived from the 

 river Cappadox ; according to Herodian, from Cap- 

 padocus, who is said to have been the founder of this 

 dynasty, but whose existence is more than doubtful. 



Cities and ^ e ^ es Mazaca, the metropolis of this kingdom, 



riverf. which was afterwards called Caesaria by Tiberius, in 

 honour of Augustus, Cappadocia could boast of the 

 following cities ; Comina, Diocoesaria, Neocaesaria, 

 Tyana, Sebastia, and Sebastopolis. The principal 

 rivers which fertilize this region, are the Mclas, the 

 Iris, now Casalmae, and the Hylas. The district on 

 the south-east, which lies around the Antitaurus, is 

 mountainous and barren. The other parts are fer- 

 tile, abounding with fruits of every kind ; enrich- 

 ed with mines of silver, brass, iron, and alum ; and 

 producing alabaster, crystal, jasper, and onyx. The 

 horses which were reared in this country were so 

 excellent, that they were purchased by the surround- 

 ing nations, and became at last so famous at Rome, that 

 none but the emperor was permitted to possess them. 



Aut.C.548. From the feeble light of ancient history, we find 

 that thii country was a province of Lydia in the 



Cappv 

 ducia. 



reign of Croesus. When that kingdom yielded to 

 the superior destiny of Persia, Cappadocia bowed to 

 the conqueror, and the annual tribute of 1500 horses, 

 2000 mules, and 5000 sheep, stamped its subjection 

 till the time of Cyrus. When that monarch was en- 

 gaged in hunting, Pharnaces, one of his nobles, res- 

 cued him from a lion which was ready to devour him ; 

 and the crown of Cappadocia, and the hand of Atos- 

 sa, the sister of Cyrus, marked his gratitude, and 

 the valour of his deliverer. Pharnaccs fell in a war 

 with the Hyrcanians ; and Smerdis his son, cultiva- Smerdj. 

 ting the friendship of Persia, joined Darius against 

 the Scythians, and took Marsagetes, the brother of 

 their king, prisoner. Anaphas, who succeeded him, Anapha*. 

 equalled his father in military renown, and in fidelity 

 to the Persians. His name and kingdom descended 

 to his son, who again was succeeded by Datames, the Datames, 

 first of his race, who waged war with the Persians, 

 and who atoned for his rashness on the field of bat- 

 tle, by the loss of his army and of his life. Ariaram- Ariaram- 

 nes his son, who succeeded him, suffered much from ni 

 the superior power of Persia, yet, at the end of a 

 reign of 50 years, he left his throne to his son Ariara- Ariarathes 

 thes I. This prince wisely courted the friendship of I. 

 Artaxerxes Ochus, and with him waged war against Ant. C. Si*, 

 the Egyptians, in which he acquired the most distin- 

 guished honours. Induced by affection to his bro- 

 ther Holophernes, he resigned to him a share of the 

 government, and, at his death, that prince succeeded 

 to the sovereign power, probably upon account of 

 the youth of his brother's children ; for at his death, 

 he set aside his own family, and in return for his bro- 

 ther's kindness, restored the kingdom to his son Ari- Ariarathes 

 arathes II. This prince signalized his fidelity to the II. 

 Persians, by setting at defiance the fame and the Ant.C.33G. 

 power of Alexander ; but though the king of Mace- 

 don, by engaging in nobler conquests, was prevented 

 from inflicting upon him signal vengeance, yet, at his 

 death, Perdiccas conducted into Cappadocia a power- 

 ful army, and having routed the forces of Ariara- 

 thes, whom he took prisoner, and barbarously cruci- 

 fied, with all his nobles who fell into his hands, placed 

 upon the throne his brother Eumenes, to whom that 

 country had been assigned by the division of Alex- 

 ander's dominions, which then took place. Ariara- Ariarathe* 

 thes III. escaping from the slaughter of his father 

 and brethren, wandered as an exile in Armenia till the 

 death of Eumenes and Perdiccas, and the war between 

 Antigonus and Seleucus occupied the whole attention 

 of the Macedonians, and inspired him with the hope 

 of recovering his paternal dominions. At the head 

 of an army which he received from the friendship of 

 Ardoates, king of Armenia, he entered Cappadocia, 

 defeated Amyntas the Macedonian governor, and as- 

 cended the throne which his valour had purchased, 

 and which his wisdom taught him to enjoy during 

 a long and a happy reign. Ariaramnes II. his son, Ariaram- 

 succeeded him; and cultivating the friendship of Anti- nes II. 

 ochus Theos, king of Syria, obtained Stratonice, the Ant. C. -84. 

 daughter of that monarch, in marriage to his son, 

 whom he associated with himself in the government, 

 and advanced the prosperity of his country by a wise 

 and peaceful administration. His son Ariarathes IV. Ariarathet 

 inherited the dominions, but not the peaceful dis- IV. 

 position of his father. Invading the territories of 

 Arsaces, the founder of the Parthian dynasty, he 

 overcame that monarch in a bloody engagement, and. 



t>l " 



