CAP 



416 



CAP 



Cappa- 



Archelaus. 

 Aiit. C. SI. 



son. His reign, we know, was short, but his fate 

 is uncertain. Ariarathes now ascended the throne, 

 but at the end of five years, he was driven from his 

 dominions by Antony, who, led by his illicit pas- 

 sion, gave the sceptre to Archelaus, the second son 

 of Glaphyra. 



This prince testified his gratitude to his benefactor, 

 jjy ass i s ting him in his war with Augustus ; and, in 

 the fatal battle of Actium, partook of his danger and 

 defeats. But at the earnest request of his subjects, 

 he was pardoned by Augustus, and allowed to keep 

 possession of his kingdom. He afterwards received 

 Armenia Minor and part of Ciiicia for assisting Ti- 

 berius in restoring Tigranes to the throne of Armenia 

 Major ; but the most valuable reward which he 

 gained, was the- friendship of Tiberius, who used all 

 his influence in his behalf when he was accused by 

 his own subjects before the emperor, and who thus 

 saved him from destruction. He next extended his 

 influence, by marrying Pythodoris, widow of Pole- 

 mon, king of Pontus ; which kingdom he governed 

 in right of his wife during the minority of her chil- 

 dren ; and, likewise, by giving his daughter Glaphyra 

 -in marriage to Alexander, son of Herod the Great, 

 king of Judah, with whom he had contracted an in- 

 timate friendship. But when Tiberius, to shun the 

 hatred of the sons of Agrippa, and of their grand- 

 father Augustus, obtained from the emperor the li- 

 berty of retiring to Rhodes, in a kind of honourable 

 banishment, Archelaus forgot his former benefactor, 

 whose friendship he now deemed dangerous ; and 

 paid all his court to his rival, Caius Caesar, who, when 

 governor of the East, was looked upon as heir to the 

 emperor. When Tiberius afterwards ascended the 

 throne, he made Archelaus feel his resentment, by 

 summoning him to Rome to answer for his conduct. 

 It is said thatLivia seconded her son's revenge against 

 the unhappy prince, by informing him that his per- 

 sonal submission to the emperor would mitigate his 

 resentment, and obtain forgiveness. Archelaus, ig- 

 norant of the snare prepared for him, or not daring 

 to disobey, hastened to Rome ; and being accused 

 before the senate of fictitious crimes, was so over- 

 whelmed with age and indignities, that he was redu- 

 ced to a state of either real or assumed insanity, which 

 soon terminated in his death, after a reign of 50 years. 



Cappadocia was now annexed to the Roman em- 

 pire, and its independence was for ever extinguished. 

 When the neigbouring nations sunk into the same 

 state of degradation, Paphlagonia and Pontus en- 

 larged the bounds of this province, without adding 

 to its fame, or enabling its enslaved inhabitants to 

 recover their liberty. At a later period it was divid- 

 ed into ten prefectures ; but when Constantine the 

 Great ascended the throne, he reduced it to its an- 

 eient extent, by forming the territories which had 

 been annexed to it into separate provinces. When 

 Alexis Commenus founded the empire of Trebizond, 

 in 1209, Cappadocia was subjected by his arms ; but 

 when this empire was overthrown by the Turks, the 

 subject of this narrative became a part of their domi- 

 nions, and under their power it still remains. It is 

 now called Amasia, from the city of that name, which 

 is situated ; n that province, and where the Turkish 

 beglerbey sometimes resides. 



The annals of this country have not transmitted 

 to us any particular account of its goveinment ; but 



we have reason to conclude, that the will of the 

 prince was, in most cases, the rule of his conduct ; 

 and when this did not take place, the laws of Cha- 

 rondas, a celebrated legislator of Greece, prevailed. 

 Their religion seems to have been a mixture of Per- 

 sian and Grecian superstitions ; which, instead of 

 promoting the happiness of the state, by favouring 

 useful employments, crowded in one temple, sacred 

 to Jupiter, no less than 3000 ministers, to loll in 

 luxurious apathy, or to plot in ambitious cabals ; and, 

 instead of inciting its votaries to praise God by the 

 practice of virtue, incited them to practise the most 

 senseless penances to lacerate their bodies in honour 

 of Bellona ; and, if we can credit antiquity, to of- 

 fer human sacrifices to Diana, and some other idols. 

 The Cappadocians proved that the religion of a coun- 

 try directs its morals, when their wickedness become 

 so proverbial that the neighbouring nations denomi- 

 nated every person distinguished by his depravity, a 

 Cappadocian, as a term of peculiar reproach. 



This country was never remarkably distinguish- 

 ed for learning or science ; but the writings of 

 Strabo and Pausanius, of Basil and Gregory Na- 

 zianzen, illumined the darkness of their horizon 

 with a splendor which has continued to our day. 

 In the later period of this kingdom, its armies were 

 numerous, its revenues large, and its commerce con- 

 siderable j but from the time that it became a pro- 

 vince of Rome, its spirit in a great measure was 

 broken, and its energies were paralised. See Diodor. 

 Sicul. lib. xviii. ; Strabo, lib. xi. xii. ; Curt. lib. xii. ; 

 Liv. lib. xxxvii. cap. 21, 37, 38, 39, 40 ; lib. xlii. cap. 1 9. 

 epit. 4-6,47; Justin, lib. xxxv. cap. 1. lib. xxxvii. 

 cap. 1. lib. xxxviii. cap. 1,2; Cicero, Epist. passim ; 

 Tacit. Ann. lib. ii. cap. 42, 56. Hist. lib. i. cap. 78 ; 

 Joseph. Ant. lib. xvi. cap. 8. Bell. lib. i. cap. 25, 35 ; 

 Univers. Hist. vol. iii. p. 761 ; Rollin's Anc. Hist. 

 vol. ii. p. 5, vol. vii. p. 13, vol. ix. p. 344; Prideaux's 

 Con. vol. iii. & iv. passim, (j. N.) 



CAPPARIS, a genus of plants of the class Poly- 

 andria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 234. 



CAPRARI A, a genus of plants of the class Didy- 

 namia, and order Angiospermia. See BOTANY , p. 250. 



CAPRI, formerly CArRE^E, is an island of the 

 Mediterranean, situated on the south side of the Bay 

 of Naples, and separated by a narrow channel from 

 Cape Campanella ( the Promontorium Aihcneum, or 

 Minerva, of the ancients), the extremity of the 

 tongue of land which forms the southern boundary 

 of the bay, and separates it from the semicircular 

 gulf of Salerno. 



The island of Capri, which is of a triangular form, 

 is about eight miles in circumference, and is distant 

 from the coast of Naples about three Italian miles. 

 Its appearance at a distance is extremely wild, from 

 the steep cliffs and huge masses of rock ; but this 

 wildness is softened down, upon a nearer approach, by 

 the appearance of patches of verdure, and clusters 

 of white houses. A great part of the island is un- 

 cultivated, and incapable of cultivation ; but where- 

 ever the hoe could be used, the ground is well tilled, 

 and produces the richest crops. Near the palace of 

 La Marina, the soil, which is extremely rich, consists 

 of a deep stratum of good mould, over a yellow bole 

 beneath, which is a stone similar to the tufa of the 

 volcanic hills round Naples. The upper rocks of 

 Capri, as we learu from Swinburne, are universally 



Cappa- 

 docia 



1) 

 Capri. 



