444 



CARDS. 



PLATE 

 CXI. 



ri.ar. 3. 



Card*, so much stronger than 19, which opens the pliers; 

 ""V"'' but as the cam 9 turns farther round, it continues to 

 press upon 11, and the front blade with it, against the 

 wire, and by this against the other blade q, so as to 

 force the pliers back altogether on their common axis 

 of motion, into the position Fig. 3. 



Boublinp Now the two ends of the wire being supported by 

 by the side t h e ends of two levers, h and &, whilst the middle of it 

 benders. ^ thrust back by the pliers, doubles it, or gives it the 

 form of a staple. The levers li and k, which are called 

 the side benders, must be explained before this can be 

 clearly comprehended. They have each a motion on 

 their respective centre pins, or axis, 21, 22, fixed in a 

 plate, screwed upon the framing F. These two levers 

 have arms approaching each other, in a direct line from 

 one centre to the other ; and where they meet have a 

 tooth i on the lever k, entering a notch in h t and 

 operating in the manner of a cog, to cause any angu- 

 lar motion which is given to one lever to be commu- 

 nicated equally to the other. This causes the ends of 

 h and k, where they operate upon the wire, to mu- 

 tually advance and recede from each other, by equal 

 quantities. The motion is given to the benders by a 

 lever k', which is part of k, but has no connection 

 with h, though it passes over it. To the end of k' 

 a rod I is jointed, which passes over the axis, and has 

 a stud, or tooth, fastened by the square nut, which 

 is operated on by a cam upon the main axis, and, 

 at the proper interval, draws / and k', and thus 

 opens the benders k and h in the manner shewn in 

 -Fig. 2. When this cam passes by, the benders shut 

 or approach each other by the force of a spring p. 

 This operates on a lever n, which has a pin o rising 

 from it, and pressing back a tooth of the lever h, 

 giving them a tendency to shut. This they do the 

 instant the cam has relieved the lever k', which re- 

 tires till it rests against a screw m, determining the 

 nearest distance they can approach to each other, as 

 in Fig. 3 ; and the regulation of the cam, or the tooth 

 of the rod k, which it acts upon, (by means of its 

 square nut,) determines the greatest opening they can 

 Movement have, as in Figs. 2 and 4. The ends of the levers k 

 and. h, where they act upon the wire, have notches in 

 them, through which the wire passes in the first in- 

 stance before doubling. This is shewn in Figs. 2, 4, 

 and 5 : / and s are small plates of steel, screwed at 

 *the two sides of the front blade r of the pliers form- 

 ing its faces ; over these the wire is doubled by be- 

 ing thrust in between the side benders, which then 

 close together, as shewn in Fig. 3, and also in Fig. 7. 

 In this state, the two legs of the wire being doubled, 

 (in the form of y Fig. 1,) pass, just beneath two 

 shoulders, formed upon the steel blade s, Fig. 4, in 

 the manner explained in Fig. 7. These shoulders will, 

 of course, prevent the legs of the wires from rising, 

 and they are bent into the state of Y, (Fig. 1.) by a 

 lever 8, fixed in the main axis, which passes by at the 

 proper time, and raises the points a a (Fig. 3 and 7-) 

 so high as to give them the proper quantity of the 

 knee bend. This forms the wire, and when the cams 

 pass by, the pliers and side benders open into the po- 

 sition of Fig. 2, when the card wire drops into a box 

 beneath. 



Considering the position of Fig. 3. as the point of 

 commencement > we shaH recapitulate the movements 



of the 



parts. 



Recapitu- 

 lation of 



of this ingenious machine, to render its operations Carus. 

 distinct, and shew the periods of the different parts of ^ *~\~^ 

 the process. 



On turning the main axis in such a direction that 

 the handle B (Fig. 2.) descends, the ca.'.is act in the 

 following succession : 



1. The notch of the cam 1 suffers the roller D to Drawing 

 press upon the wire, and thus holding it fast between tlie wire 

 the upper and lower rollers ; which as they turn f ()rwar d- 

 round, 



2. Advance the end of the wire ft a through the Measuring^ 

 dies ef, before the notches in the end of the side 

 benders h and k, and between the pliers q and /, r, #, 



until the end of it touches the screw 10. At this in- 

 stant, 



3. The cam lifts .up the upper roller D, and the 

 friction on the sides of the frame b prevents its fur- 

 ther advance. This is the state in which Figs. 2, 4, 

 and 5, represent the machines. 



4. The cam 9 presses on 1 1 , and forces the blade Holding. 

 r back, till the side t meets the wire ; and removing 



it backwards, holds it fast against the front of q, and 

 pinches the wire tight between the two jaws of the 

 pliers ; whilst, 



5. The cam 4 depresses the lever 5, and by the Cutting, 

 cutter g, cuts off the wire instantly ; leaving it held 



by its middle, between the pliers. 



6. The cam 9, continuing its motion, drives back Doubling 

 both parts of the pliers together, and the wire with b y pliers, 

 them ; its ends being supported by the ends of the 



side benders, it assumes the bend of the dotted lines 

 in -Fig. 2, (though the pliers are not there represented 

 as thrown back). 



7. A notch in the cam of the rod I now presents And by 

 itself, and suffers the spring p to close the side ben- Slde lien * 

 ders h and k together, as shewn in Figs. 3 and 7, ers " 

 which completes the doubling into the form of y. 



Fig. 1. 



8. The lever 8 rising, lifts the ends of the wire, Knee bend, 

 and the legs being kept down by the shoulder of *, 



gives the knee bend. The manner of this is shewn 

 by the dotted lines in Fig. 5, though neither the 

 pliers or lever 8 are there in the proper situation to 

 effect this part of the process. 



9. All the cams except one relieve their respective Release of 

 movements at once, and the finished wire drops out ^ ie niove - 

 of the pliers. Thus the cam 4 has, in the interim of ments ' 

 the other operations, passed by and suffered the blade 



g to return by the action of its spiral spring 6 ; the 

 cam of the rod /, and lever k', opens the side benders ; 

 the cam 9 passes by, and permits the return of the 

 pliers, by the spring 17, (Fig. 5.); but when the 

 tail 18, of the blade q, meets its stop screw 16, q 

 returns no farther, but the front blade r continues to 

 advance tpwards the axis, by ita spring 19, as fast as 

 the cam 9 suffers it. This opens the pliers, and the 

 wire falls out. 



The notch of the cam 1 now comes round, and 

 suffers the roller D to descend on the wire, and ad- 

 vance another portion, which is treated in the same 

 manner as the first. These operations succeed each Rate O f 

 other with such rapidity, when the machine is in ac- working, 

 tion, that the handle may be turned at the rate of 

 150 times per minute, without in the least injuring its 

 operation ; and the power required to turn it is so 



