CAR 



456 



CAR 



Caria. who was bent on the engagement : but when the at- 

 ^Y ^ tack was made, and the destruction of his fleet blast- 

 ed the hopes of Xerxes, the same spirit which indu- 

 ced her to dissuade him from the dangerous enter- 

 prise, induced her also to maintain the combat with the 

 most determined bravery. Her squadron was the last 

 which retired from the conflict, and the reward of 

 10,000 drahmas which the Athenians offered to the 

 person who should take her captive, as well as the 

 declaration of Xerxes, that the men fled like women, 

 and the women fought like men, consecrated her fame 

 to future ages. 



In this state of degradation, Caria groaned till 

 about 444 years, B. C., when Lydamis, either by the 

 friendship or the permission of Persia, ascended the 

 throne. The page of history has preserved little 

 more than his name, and the names of several of his 

 successors, from oblivion j and after a long and an 

 inglorious interval, we find the sceptre in tl.e hand of 

 Mausolus. This prince, who changed the seat of 

 government from Mylases to Halicarnassus, not only 

 united and strengthened his native dominions, but 

 took the advantage of the death of Artaxerxes to 

 shake off the Persian yoke, and establish the indepen- 

 dence of his country. He then gained signal ad- 

 vantages over the lonians, Lydians, and Lycians, and 

 assisted the inhabitants of Cos and Rhodes to break 

 the fetters of Athenian slavery. But the glory of 

 delivering them from a foreign yoke was for ever ob- 

 scured, when by corrupting their nobles he subjected 

 them to his own ; but at his death, they not only as- 

 serted their independence, but carried their arms into 

 Caria. Artemisia II. the widow and sister of the 

 late king, who had assumed the government, com- 

 manded the inhabitants of Halicarnassus to receive 

 the Rhodians with the greatest demonstrations of 

 friendship, in order to cut them off by stratagem ; and 

 when they were allured from their ships into the city, 

 before ever they were aware, they were surrounded 

 and slain. Artemisia having seized, by surprise, their 

 fleet, set sail for Rhodes, entered the port amid the 

 gratulations of the unsuspecting multitude, took pos- 

 session of the capital, and slew all who had promoted 

 the expedition into Caria. The Rhodians applied to 

 the Athenians for assistance ; and the Athenians, 

 fired by the eloquence of Demosthenes, enabled them 

 to expel their oppressors. 



At the death of Artemisia, which happened soon 

 after, her brother Idrieus ascended the throne, ac- 

 knowledged his dependence on Persia, and, in obe- 

 dience to Ochus, fitted out a powerful fleet, which, 

 under the command of Phocean, made a descent upon 

 the isle of Cyprus to subject it to the Persians, from 

 whom it had revolted. But, though the siege of Sa- 

 lamis was begun, nothing was performed to arrest 

 our attention. At the death of Idrieus, Adda, his 

 widow and sister, who had gained the affections of 

 the Carians, seized the government, but was soon 

 driven from her capital by Pexodorus, whom Darius 

 had made viceroy over that kingdom. To Pexodorus, 

 Orontabatus succeeded ; and Adda was forced to 

 shut herself up in the city of Alinda, which she for- 

 tified, and held in defiance of her enemies. But when 

 Alexander marched to subvert the throne of Persia, 

 he was welcomed and assisted by Adda ; and when. 



that prince had levelled with the ground the walls of 

 Halicarnassus, which alone dared to check his victo- 

 rious career, he established her authority over all 

 Caria. Her reign was, however, short ; and in her 

 was extinguished the royal race, and the independence 

 of her country. At the death of Alexander, Caria 

 composed a small part of the territories that owned 

 the authority of Cassander ; it has since shared in the 

 revolutions which have agitated Asia Minor, without 

 the hope of vindicating its freedom ; and there is no 

 probability that it will ever again claim the honours 

 of an independent state, (j. N.) 



CARIBBEE ISLANDS, is the name given to a 

 semicircular range of islands lying between Anguilla 

 and Tobago, between the parallels of 11 and 19 

 of north latitude, and including both these island?. 

 The principal islands, beginning from the north, are 

 Anguilla, St Martin's, St Bartholomew, Barbuda, 

 Saba,St Eustachia, St Christopher's, Antigua, Mont- 

 serrat, Guadaloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St Lucia, 

 Barbadoes, St Vincent, Grenada, and Tobago. A 

 full account of these islands will be found in this 

 work under their respective names. (0) 



CARICA, a genus of plants of the class Dioecia, 

 and order Decandria. See BOTANY, p. 337. 



CARILLONS, or BARILONS, in music, is the 

 name of small instruments furnished with bells, pro- 

 perly tuned, that are acted on by finger keys, like 

 those of the piano-forte, and used for accompanying 

 certain songs, where the ringing of church bells are 

 to be imitated, and where dampers are not used, for 

 preventing the continuance of the sound. In Hol- 

 land and some parts of the Netherlands, the steeples 

 of the churches are furnished with a large series of 

 bells, tuned accurately to the tones and half-tones of 

 the scale, and with strong wires that are connected 

 at one end with hammers that strike the bells, and at 

 the others with keys, and pedals for the lower notes 

 of the scale, on which persons called Carilloneurs 

 perform music in parts, by striking the keys rather 

 forcibly with their hands and feet, (g) 



CARINI, a town of Sicily,, situated in the fertila 

 valley of Muzora, and from some ruins supposed to 

 to be built on the site of the ancient Hyccara. The 

 town, which is neatly built, is encircled by high 

 rocks, and the adjacent country is highly cultivated, 

 and produces grain of all kinds, olives, fruits, and 

 manna. Swinburne makes the population 4000, and 

 Denon 7000. See Swinburne's Travels, vol. iii. (o) 

 CAR1NTHIA, a duchy of Germany, in the 

 circle of Austria ; bounded towards the east by Sty- 

 ria, towards the north by the same duchy and the 

 archbishopric of Salzburg, to the west by Tyrol, 

 and to the south by the Venetian territories and by 

 Carniola. It is situated between 46 20' and 47 6' 

 N. Lat., and between 12 32' and 14 50' E. Long. 

 Its greatest length, from east to west, is about 118 

 miles, and its greatest breadth about 50. The aspect 

 of this country is in general woody and mountainous,, 

 The Noric Alps pass through this province, whose 

 tops of granite, rounded into immense domes, are 

 covered with perpetual snow and ice. St Ulnch, St 

 Helena, St Vf-it, St Laurence, the mountains of Lo- 

 bel which separate Carmthia from Carniola, and. 

 those mountains which lie in the direction of Tyrol, 



Garibbes 



!! 



Cariuthia. 



