CARLISLE. 



pears to have formerly run under the castle wall*. 

 The various alterations and additions that hav 

 made to the castle ut different periods, can easily be 

 traced to the r.'ign of Elisabeth, when it under- 

 went a thorough repair ; and from thence to the 

 time of Oliver Cromwell, when the keep was con- 

 verted into a battery, and long guns, in order more 

 efta- tu ally to command the town, mounted on the 

 roof. 



In 1807, an act of parliament was obtained for 

 erecting court houses, &c. on the site of the citadel 

 adjoining the English gate. The work was imme- 

 diately begun, on a very extensive plan, and is now 

 nearly completed. The citadel was a very large 

 building, consisting of a strong square tower, con- 

 nected to two large bastions, and was built by order 

 of Henry VIII. 



The county goal is a mean edifice, built of stone, 

 and situated at the head of English Street. No fur- 

 niture belongs to the prison, but what is found by 

 the unfortunate persons confined there, who are al- 

 lowed merely straw for their beds. The city prison 

 is placed above the Scotch gates. 



The town hall, or Moot Hall, and council cham- 

 ber, stands in the centre of the city, where is held 

 the courts of assi/e, the quarter sessions, the mayor's 

 court ; and there two members of parliament are 

 elected for the city. The council chamber is orna- 

 mented with a cupola and clock. 



Carlisle contains few charitable institutions. A 

 dispensary was first established in 1782, where the 

 medical gentlemen are in the habit of giving their 

 advice and attendance gratuitously. The apothecary, 

 whose duty is to prepare and deliver the medicines 

 prescribed by the physicians, has a salary of about 

 j660 per annum. There are two workhouses for 

 the maintenance of the indigent poor, a school of in- 

 dustry, where thirty girls are taught sewing, writing, 

 reading, &c. and two schools supported by subscrip- 

 tion, one on Lancaster's and the other on Bell's plan, 

 besides Sunday schools. 



The corporation consists of a recorder, twelve 

 aldermen, twenty-four common councilmen, and two 

 bailiffs. One of the aldermen is annually elected 

 mayor, and the other annual placemen are chosen out 

 of the common council. The subordinate officers 

 are three Serjeants at mace, five beadles, or town sca- 

 vengers. The Serjeants act as bailiffs in processes 

 before the mayor's court ; and to them is committed 

 the . execution of summons and writs of arrest for 

 debt issued for it. The Serjeants and beadles wear 

 the corporation livery, which is brown turned up 

 with red ; and their places are generally for life. 

 The office of the latter is to keep the streets clean, 

 and to put into execution the punishment awarded 

 to offendeis within the mayor's jurisdiction. The 

 liberties of the corporation extend a few yards with- 

 out the site of the city walls, and are ascertained by 

 what is called the Freeiidge-stone. 



The printing or stamping of cotton was first esta- 

 blished in the year 1761, which was followed by wea- 

 ving, and afterwards spinning ; all of which branches 

 have been carried on to a very great extent. Carlisle 

 was formerly celebrated for its manufacture of fish 

 hooks and whips, though not much so at present. 



4G1 



There arr four public breweries, and three iron and 

 brass founderk-8. It also possesses five flourishing 

 banks, two of which issue notes on their own account. 

 The importations to Sandficld, commonly called Port- 

 Carlisle, consist principally of iron, tar, deals, slates, 

 salt, sugar, rum, &c. ; and the exportation consist 

 of grain, oak bark, flour, timber, lead, alabaster, &c. 

 'I'h" air of Carlisle is particularly salubrious. The 

 population of the city and suburbs, accurately takea 

 at four different periods, was as follows: 



In 1763 there were 10AO families, and 4158 inhabitant*. 

 1780 1605 6299 



1796 2314 8716 



In the year 1802, the enumeration, according to 

 act of parliament, was 14-20 houses, and 10,H7/5 in- 

 habitants ; of these 513;i were males, 5742 females. 

 Owing chiefly to the establishment of cotton mills, 

 and the spirit of trade, the population has of late 

 years been rapidly increasing. The following are the 

 population returns for 1811 : 



Inhabited houses 1,658 



Families which occupy them 2,829 



Houses building 7 



Houses uninhabited 51 



Families employed in agriculture l.'5J 



Ditto in trades, manufactures, See 2,301 



Ditto in neither of these classes 391 



Number of males 5,628 



Number of females 6,903 



Total population 12,531 



The market day, every Saturday, is abundantly 

 supplied with provisions of all sorts, and is consider- 

 ed by the farmers as one of the best corn markets in 

 England. 



Immense strata of siliceous sandstone, usually de- 

 nominated freestone, occur in the neighbourhood, 

 from whence the stones employed in building are 

 principally obtained. Gypsum, or alabaster, is also 

 found here. Several Roman coins and antiquitk - 

 have, at various times, been found in and about Car- 

 lisle. Distance from London 301 miles, from Edin- 

 burgh 96, from Dublin 200. For further infor- 

 mation on the subject of this article, see Hutchin- 

 son'a History of Cumberland. Burns and Nichol- 

 son's History of Cumberland. Camden's Britan- 

 nia. Hook's Archteologia. Horsley's Britannia 

 Romano, ^eland's Itinerary. Pennant's Tour from 

 Downing to Alston Moor. Jollie's Cumberland Guide 

 and Directory, (j. s.) 



CARLISLE, NEW, the principal town in the 

 county of Cumberland in Pennsylvania, is pleasant- 

 ly situated in a plain near the southern bank of 

 Conedgwinet creek, a water of the Susquehannah. 

 The houses, which are built of stone and brick, are 

 tolerably good. The town is regularly built, the 

 streets intersecting each other at right angles; and 

 the principal public buildings are Dickinson's col- 

 lege, a court house and gaol, and four places for 

 public worship, which beloi.g to the Presbyterians, 

 Germans, Episcopalian*, and Roman Catholics. The 

 college was founded by John Dickinson, Esq. thr 



