CAR 



r'arlscrona. From the centre to the circumference it is divided 

 < -/*' into four divisions, each division having separate re- 

 ceptacles for frve vessels, a distinct gate, 48 feet in 

 brc-adth, and nearly thirty in height, and a detach- 

 ed edifice over it, with a copper roof. 1 he walls, 

 like the bottom, are of hewn granite, about 40 feet 

 thick, and filled up in the middle with earth ; and 

 the roof is supported by rows of granite pillars, 

 which give it a very magnificent appearance. There 

 is one common entrance for the five ships, which each 

 of the principal divisions contains. The docks and 

 buildings connected with them, are separated from 

 the town by a lofty stone wall, remarkable for ha- 

 ving been erected by the Russian prisoners captured 

 by Charles XII. As this wall, which was intended 

 to provide against the communication of fire, is found 

 to be of no use, Admiral Chapman has ordered the 

 upper part of it to be taken down, and the materials 

 thus procured to be employed for raising more ne- 

 cessary structures. The progress which has been 

 made in this vast undertaking, has not equalled the 

 liopes and views that were entertained at the outset. 

 It was begun in 1757 ; and L. 25,000 were annually 

 t-xpended. The work, however, as soon as its novel- 

 ty had ceased to interest, was much neglected. It 

 was afterwards warmly patronized by Gustavus III. : 

 But it was again allowed to languish. The annual ex- 

 penditure was reduced to L. 6000. Instead of finish- 

 ing a dock every year, as was proposed and expected, 

 nine or ten years were wasted in executing the first, 

 after it had fairly commenced ; and even now, of all 

 the four divisions of which the plan consists, only one 

 has been completed since the year 1761 ; and in this, 

 not more than three out of the five docks are ready 

 for use. Of the other divisions little more has been 

 done than to exclude the water. 



The ships at Carlscrona are built chiefly by English 

 workmen. The provinces of Blekingen and Scone 

 not affording a continued supply of oak, this sort of 

 timber is partly imported from Germany. But masts, 

 deals, pitch, tar, and the greatest part of the flax used 

 in the navy, are procured from the Swedish territories. 

 Ropes and sails are manufactured from Riga hemp. 

 Cannon is cast, and gunpowder made with Swedish 

 saltpetre. Carlscrona is the place of residence for 

 the governor of Blekingen, and is the tenth in order 

 of those towns which vote in the diet. It is one of 

 the four places in Sweden in which the Jews were 

 permitted, by a decree of the state, to erect syna- 

 gogues for their peculiar worship. Of the popula- 

 tion of Carlscrona different statements are given by 

 different writers. Catteau, in his General View, 

 &c. makes it only 9000 ; but in his Travels in 

 Sweden he makes it about 12,000. Coxe says that 

 it is about 18,000; Reichard, between 12,000 and 

 15,000; Tornquist, from 15,000 to 18,000; and 

 Kuttner 12,000. But the most correct information 

 on this subject is to be found in a work entitled 

 Diurberg's Beskrifning om Sverike, vol. i. p. 188 ; in 

 which the population of the principal towns in Swe- 

 den is given from the best authorities. Diurberg 

 makes the number of inhabitants in Carlscrona, in 

 the year 1800, to be 13,800. E. Long. 15 26' 15", 

 N. Lat. 56 C 20'. See Coxe's Travels in Poland, 

 Russia, and Sweden, $c. vol. iv. ; Catteau, Voyage 



CAR 



en Allemagne et en Suede, Sfc. torn. ii. ; Kiittner's Carlsruhe, 

 Travels through Denmark, Sweden, fyc. in 1798 and Carlstadt. 

 1799 > Diurberg'3 work, quoted above ; and Make- X " ""Y"**' 

 Brim's Annaledes Voyages, Sfc. tom.iii. p. 332. (T) 



CARLSRUHE, or CARLSROUH" (signifying 

 peace or repose of Charles), is a town in Germany. 

 It is situated in the circle of Suabia, and marquisate 

 (now electorate) of Baden, was founded in 1715 by 

 the Margrave Charles William, and is now the resi- 

 dence of his successors, who have here a fine palace 

 and delightful gardens. The plan on which the 

 town is built is very regular ; and it is also very sin- 

 gular, being in the form of a fan. There is a single 

 street, about an English mile in length, running in 

 a direction parallel to the front of the palace, and at 

 a considerable distance from it. From this, all the 

 other streets, amounting to thirty-two, go off at right 

 angles, and are so arranged as to have their view ter- 

 minating, at one end, in the front of the palace, 

 while the other penetrates the forest by which the 

 town is surrounded ; and the houses are constructed 

 with as much regard to uniformity as the streets, be- 

 ing all of equal size and height. The coup d'ccil 

 from the top of the palace is said to be extremely 

 beautiful and magnificent. Of churches, there are 

 four ; two for Protestants, and two for Roman Ca- 

 tholics. There is also a Jewish synagogue. The 

 literary establishments of Carlsruhe are chiefly these ; 

 the Gymnasium Illustre ; seminaries for educating 

 village curates and schoolmasters ; an institution for 

 the deaf and dumb ; and a type-foundry. There 

 are here some collections of natural and artificial cu- 

 riosities, which deserve notice. They consist of the 

 library belonging to the Margrave ; his physical ca- 

 binet ; his cabinets of medals, of models, and of na- 

 tural history ; in which last, the collection of tulips 

 is uncommonly fine. Besides these, there is a bota- 

 nical garden ; Gmelin's cabinet of natural history ; 

 Boeckmann's physical cabinet ; and Becker's collec- 

 tion of prints. There is a charming promenade in 

 the garden behind the palace, where there is a green- 

 house that is reckoned the largest and finest in Ger- 

 many. Many attempts have been made by the Mar- 

 grave to introduce manufactures and industry into 

 Carlsruhe, and he has had considerable success. He 

 has induced several watchmakers from Geneva to 

 settle in it, by granting them peculiar privileges ; 

 and many of the inhabitants, instructed by English 

 mechanics who reside there, are engaged in steel ma- 

 nufactures, similar to those which are carried on in 

 Birmingham and Sheffield. Meyer's work for grind- 

 ing and polishing is deemed remarkably curious. The 

 population is estimated at 10,000. See Reichard's 

 Guide des Voyageurs en Europe, torn. ii. p. 57. ; 

 Stolberg's Travels ; and Briefe iiber Carlsruhe von 

 Brunn. (T) 



CARLSTADT, a town in Sweden, lying in the 

 province of Woermeland, West- Gothland. It is si- 

 tuated on an extensive island, called Tingwalla, which 

 is 12 miles in circumference, and is formed by the 

 river Clara, dividing into branches, and afterwards 

 uniting and falling into the Wenner Lake. It waa 

 built by Charles IX. in the year 1584. All the 

 houses, excepting the cathedral and the school, are 

 constructed of painted wood. The streets are broad 



