CAR 



: trade of Carolina was daily increasing in prospe- 

 rity ; and notwithstanding the many circumstances 

 "*"*' of exasperation which necessarily occurred in a coun- 

 try which was long the scene of civil contention, peace 

 no sooner restored than the commercial inter- 

 course with Great Britain was renewed, and carried 

 to a greater extent than it had ever reached at any 

 former period. We cannot ascribe this to any friendly 

 disposition on the part of Carolina, for no state of th'j 

 union wo-i more inveterate or more determined in its 

 enmity to the country by -which it had been long 

 and peculiarly cherished. Interest is the only tie 

 which now connects this state with Great Britain. 

 The ingenuity of our manufacturers, the long credit 

 which our merchants can afford to give, and the fa, 

 cility of making remittances to this country as the 

 purchaser of a great portion of the native commodities 

 of Carolina, have secured to us all the advantages 

 which we could have derived from that state, had she 

 continued in her former relation of provincial depen- 

 dence. She has of late, indeed, been more profitable 

 to us than she would ever have been, perhaps, in that 

 relation ; for while we are freed from the responsibility 

 of governing, and the expence of protecting and 

 fostering her, her exports to Great Britain far sur- 

 pass their former amount, and her own politicians 

 acknowledge, that the trade between the two coun- 

 tries for a single year of general peace, would now be 

 of greater value to England than all she derived from 

 Carolina for the first half of her colonial existence, 

 erature. Few colonies have ever been established under cir- 

 cumstances more favourable to their literary improve- 

 ment than those enjoyed by the first settlers in South 

 Carolina. The country from which they emigrated 

 was then in the full meridian of literary splendour ; 

 and the facilities for the diffusion of knowledge were 

 greater than they had ever been at any previous 

 period in the history of the world. Though in the 

 first years of their settlement their attention must 

 have been chiefly occupied in preparing the soil for 

 cultivation, and providing the necessaries of life, this 

 was no sooner accomplished than they began to adopt 

 measures for their own literary improvement, and for 

 bequeathing to their posterity the inestimable bless- 

 ings of knowledge. So early as the year 1700, we 

 find a law enacted, " for securing the provincial li- 

 brary in Charlestown." Libraries were soon after 

 formed in the different parishes, though chiefly for 

 the use of the rectors and ministers. A free school 

 was erected in Charlestown about the^year 1712 ; an- 

 other was established at Childsbury, in St John's 

 parish, in 1733; and a third, at Dorchester, in 1734. 

 Besides these, several other seminaries were institut- 

 ed and supported by general contribution, or by the 

 donations and legacies of public spirited individuals. 

 The corporations of these schools were cherished by 

 government. They were favoured in taking up lands, 

 which have ever since been increasing in value. They 

 were enriched by the gifts and boquests of the chari- 

 table, and from the triple source of tuition money, 

 public money, and private liberality, a fund was crea- 

 ted which diffused the means of education far beyond 

 what could have been effected by uncombined and 

 desultory exertions. 



In 1795 the citizens of Beaufort obtained a char- 

 ter for the establishment of a college in their vicinity, 

 with the privilege of such funds as they could col- 

 lect from the sale of escheated and confiscated pro- 



CAR 



perty in the district, and of vacant lots in the town tfoatb 

 of Beaufort. These funds turned out extremely va- 

 luable, and th'-re is every reason to expect that the 

 seminary will in time realize the warmest hopes of its _?** 

 founders. By far the most important literary insti- 

 tution in South Carolina is the state college establish- 

 ed at Columbia, the seat of government, by an act 

 of assembly in 1801. This college, though yet in 

 its infancy, possesses a select and extensive library, 

 and a philosophical apparatus, not inferior to any on 

 the American continent. Persons of any country or 

 of any religious denomination, if qualified by their 

 literary or scientific attainments, are eligible to tilt- 

 office of professors in this seminary. The number of 

 students at this college in 1809 was eighty-seven ; 

 and two classes had at that time graduated to the 

 number of about forty. Students at Columbia, if 

 not wanting to themselves, may be amply instructed 

 in every language, art, and science, necessary to pre- 

 pare them for the service of their country. Though 

 such exertions have been made for the advancement 

 of learning, its progress i:i South Carolina has not 

 hitherto been great. In genius its natives are far 

 from being deficient ; their apprehension is quick, 

 their imaginations lively, their enthusiasm ardent. But 

 they are too apt to shrink from that steady perse- 

 vering exertion, by which alone the candidates for li- 

 terary fame can overcome the difficulties which they 

 meet with in their progress, and securing the ground 

 over which they have already passed, prepare them- 

 selves for farther advances and acquisitions. 



For almost all our information relating to South 

 Carolina, we are indebted to a valuable history of 

 that state published by Dr David Ramsay of Charles- 

 town, so late as the year 1809. Of that history, yet 

 unknown in Europe, we procured a copy directly 

 from Charlestown through the kindness of Mr Ro- 

 bert Henry of Charlestown, now studying at the 

 university of Edinburgh, who, uniting genius with 

 invincible industry, promises one day to be an orna- 

 ment to his native land. See also Chalmer's Political 

 Annals of the United Colonies ; Hewat's History of 

 South Carolina and Georgia ; Dray ton's Vien of 

 South Carolina ; Travels in North America by Lian- 

 court, Duke de la Rochefoucault ; Morse's American 

 Geography ; Morse's American Gazetteer; Ogilby's 

 Geographical Account of America ; and Campbell's 

 History of America, (k) 



CAROLINE ISLANDS. See PHILIPPINE ISLAND-, 

 NEW. 



CAROLINE A, a genus of plants of the class Mo- 

 nadelphia, and order Polyandria. See BOTANY, p. 26'8. 



CAROTID AHTERIES. See ANATOMY, p. 812. 



CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS, or KKAI-ACK 

 MOUNTAINS, is the name of an extensive and inte- 

 resting chain of mountains, which bounds Hungary 

 on the north and east. A very full and recent ac- 

 count of this range will be found in our article 

 on Hi XGAKY. In the mean time, the reader may 

 consult Townson's Travels in Hungary; Demian's 

 Tableau Gcographiijue et Polilique dcs Royaumes de 

 Hotigrie, D'Efcl<< runic, de Croalie, &c. Paris, 1809. 

 (This work is translated from the German.) Esmark, 

 Journal dcs Mines, No. 4?7. p. 819 ; Lcfebre, Id. 

 No. 12. p. 39 ; Schedius, Journal de Hongrie, No. 

 III. Art. 6; Stutz, Description dcs Mines de X^nyag, 

 Vienne, 1803, in German; Hassel Tab. Statisq. ; and 

 Liechtenstein Tab. Statist ique. (o) 



