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CARRIAGE. 



Carriage. Carriages may naturally be divided into two classes : 

 v ~y~-* ' four-wheeled, and two-wheeled. The chief of these 

 are, 



Coach. A close-bodied carriage, made generally 

 to hold six, sometimes only four people in the inside, one 

 half sitting opposite to the other, face to face ; a window 

 in the door on each side, and a large one, or two small 

 ones, in front, having four wheels, and drawn by one 

 or more pairs of horses, drove by the coachman from 

 a coach box in front of the body. When the driver 

 rides on horseback they are called post coaches. 

 Under this description may be included all mail and 

 stage coaches, which have nothing particularly to 

 characterise them but their uncommon strength. See 

 PLATE Plate CXXXII. Fig. 1. 



CXXXII. Vis a vis, made after the fashion of a coach, and in 

 Fig. 1. every respect like it, but only to hold two people with- 

 in, sitting opposite, as the name indicates. It is drawn 

 by two horses a breast, and driven as a coach. 



Landeau, made exactly to resemble a coach, with the 

 game accommodation, but having the top or roof, upper 

 part of the sides, and back, to open and fold down to 

 the front and back, leaving to the passengers a free 

 view of every thing around ; drawn and driven, as a 

 coach. 



Landeau Barouch, made in all respects like the 

 landeau, but curved away with an inverted sweep in 

 the under part and front of the body, by which means 

 there is no space for an inside box under the front seat. 

 This carriage is also drawn and driven as a coach. 

 PUTE See Plate CXXXII. the dotted line in Fig. I . 

 CXXXII. Barouch. The body is made the same with the un- 

 ^S' l ' der part of the landeau barouch, (sometimes like the 

 under part of a coach body, ) not having any frame work 

 above the elbows of the passengers, and of course no 

 glasses. On the back half of the body is put a roof simi- 

 lar to the roof or hood of a two wheeled chaise, to fold 

 up or down at pleasure, and a leather cover made to go 

 over the cushion of the front seat at such a height, 

 cnly, as to admit the feet of the persons who sit on the 

 hind seat being put up betwixt the cushion and 

 leather cover. When this leather cover is not used, 

 one or two people (according to the size of the car- 

 riage) can sit upon the front seat. These carriages 

 are sometimes made with doors, and sometimes with 

 leather only, to fill up the space left to enter at. 



PLATE 



Barouches are drawn by one or more pairs of horses, . Carriage, 

 and driven sometimes from a coach box, and some- 

 times the front part of the body is formed into a seat 

 for the driver. 



Post-chaise, a close-bodied carriage, made to hold 

 three people in the inside, looking all forward, with 

 two windows in front, and one in the doors on each 

 side, with four wheels, and drawn by one or more pair* 

 of horses. The driver rides on horseback. 



Chariot, exactly the same with a post chaise ; only 

 accommodated with a coach-box for the driver. 



Landeatilet, made similar in every respect to a post- 

 chaise, but with the advantage of a moveable roof, 

 like a landeau, which folds back so as to leave the 

 passengers quite free. This may be put up and down 

 by the people inside of the carriage at pleasure. See 

 P'lat< CXXXII. Fig. 2. 



Phaeton., an open bodied carriage, made to hold two pj^ g 

 or three people looking all forward, with four wheels, 

 drawn by one or more pairs of horses, with or with- 

 out a folding leather roof to cover the seat part, and a 

 leather cover to enclose the knees of the passengers, 

 called a knee flap. This carriage may be driven by 

 the person sitting inside, from a coach-bux, or the 

 driver may ride postilion. 



Curricle, an open-bodied carriage, similar in the 

 body to a phaeton, drawn by two horses a breast, 

 having two wheels, and either with or without a roof, 

 as above. It is driven by the person who rides in the 

 carriage. 



Two-wheeled chaise, an open-bodied carriage, also 

 similar to that of a phaeton, but drawn by one horse, 

 with two wheels, having a leather roof, knee-flap, &c. 

 and driven by the person who rides in it. 



Gig, an open carriage similar to the last mentioned, 

 but without a roof, driven in the same way. See 

 Plate CXXXII. Fig. 3. PLATE 



There is a great variety of carriages besides these, < XXXII, 

 such as, in four-wheeled carriages, berlins, Calash's f ' ^ 

 chaise Marine's, sociables; and in two-wheeled car- 

 riages, dog-carts, buggies, tandems, mail carts, Til- 

 burghs, Irish cars, Windsor chairs, &c. and coach 

 and chaise bodies, have of late been constructed upon 

 two wheels ; besides many others, which maybe con- 

 sidered more as modifications of those already de- 

 scribed, than as different carriages in themselves. 



List of Patents granted for Improvements in Carriages, from January 1802 to July 1812. 



