CEP 



668 



CEP 



Cenarrhe- 

 nes 



II 

 Cephaloma. 



office. In other parts of the world, the women come 

 frequently to pray or lament in the cemeteries, and 

 scatter herbs above the graves. 



See Cunseus Respublica Hcebrceorum; Gregorius 

 Turonensis de Gloria Confessionis ; Ambrosius Ora- 

 tio Funebris de Morte Valentiniani ; Hieronymus 

 Epistola ad Pammachium ; Gutherius de jure Ma. 

 nhnn ; Navier sur Us Dangers des exhumations pre- 

 cipites ; A seasonable consideration on the indecent 

 and dangerous custom of burying in Churches ; Bir- 

 nie's Blame of Kirk Burial ; and Brand's Popular 

 Antiquities, (c) 



CENARRHENES, a genus of plants of the 

 class Tetrandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, 

 p. 130 ; and Brown's Prodromus Plant. Nov. Holl. 

 &c. p. 371. 



CENCHRUS, a genus of plants of the class Tri- 

 andria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 101. 



CENIA, a genus of plants of the class Syngenesia, 

 and order Polygamia Superflua. See BOTANY,P. 311. 



CENTAUREA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Syngenesia, and order Polygamia Frustanea. See 

 BOTANY, p. 306. 



CENTAURIUM, a genus of plants of the class 

 Tetrandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, 

 p. 132. 



CENTAURUS. See ASTRONOMY, p. 780. 



CENTER. See BRIDGE, p. 531, 542; CAR- 

 PENTHY, p. 540 ; and FRAMING. 



CENTO RBI, the Centuripa of the ancients, is 

 a town of Sicily, situated on five points of rocks. It 

 was formerly a populous and splendid town, but now 

 exhibits only a mass of ruins. The large convent of 

 the Augustins, the ruins of banks to the west of the 

 town, and the remains of the castle of Conradin to 

 the east, are the only objects of note. Numerous 

 remains of antiquity have been found in this place, 

 and are deposited in the museum of the Prince of 

 Biscari, already mentioned in the article CATANIA. 

 According to De Non, the soil in one part of the 

 town consists of marine concretions, intermixed with 

 shells. These concretions, along with tufa and a 

 gritty stone, lie beneath the vegetable earth ; and at 

 a greater depth are found scoriae and lava, beneath 

 which is a fresh bed of grit. De Non supposes, that 

 the lava forms the basis of the mountain ; and that, 

 from its being covered with marine concretions to the 

 depth of 600 feet, the volcano from which it flowed 

 must have been very ancient. Population about 3000. 

 See De Non's Journey in Sicily and Malta, p. 85. 



CENTRAL FORCES. See ASTRONOMY and DY- 

 NAMICS. 



CENTRANTHERA, a genus of plants of the 

 class Tetrandria, and order Munogynia. See BOTA- 

 NY, p. 131 ; and Brown's Prodromus, &c. p. 438. 



CENTROLEPIS.See Devauxia, BOTANY Index. 



CENTUNCULUS, a genus of plants of the 

 class Tetrandria, and order Monogynia. See BO- 

 TANY, p. 119. 



CEOS. See ZIA. 



CEPHjELIS, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 

 150. 



CEPHALANTHUS, a genus of plants of the 

 class Tetrandiia, and order Monogynia. See BO- 

 TANY, p. 119. 



CEPHALONIA, an island in the Ionian sea, 

 nearly of a circular figure, and about 120 or 130 



1 



miles in circumference, lying in 39 degrees of north Cephalonia. 

 latitude. w^y-/ 



The climate of Cephalonia is temperate and agree- 

 able, but subject to sudden changes, which are per- 

 nicious to the people. Copious rains commence in 

 November, when thunder becomes frequent ; but du- 

 ring the whole winter season, roses are in blow. 

 Earthquakes are common, from which dreadful ef- 

 fects have ensued, particularly in 1736, 1742, 1753, 

 and 1765, when entire towns were almost laid in ruins. 

 Strong sulphureous exhalations rise from several places 

 of the soil, which in some districts is rich and fertile, 

 while others consist only of dry and barren rocks. 



Large caverns are seen on the coast of singular ap- 

 pearance, the roofs being decorated by innumerable 

 stalactites of fantastic shapes and various colours, and 

 the bottom covered with petrifactions of shells. 

 Mount Enos, now called the Black Mountain, con- 

 sists solely of vertical strata, rising about 3000 feet 

 above the level of the sea. Anciently it was covered 

 with wood, but it is now entirely bare. 



Among the different vegetables produced in Ce- 

 phalonia, cotton and vines are the most valuable, as 

 affording an essential supply for the uses of mankind. 

 There is a kind of winter melon, which may be pre- 

 served a long time, if hung up, of an oval shape, 

 and a beautiful yellow colour externally, with a white 

 pulp. Medicinal plants are likewise found, which 

 are said to have a wonderful effect in curing the 

 gout ; and various testimonies are produced in their 

 favour. They were discovered by a physician named 

 Zulatti, when resident in the island; and although 

 few would at first acknowledge the virtue of his pre- 

 parations, many in a short time afterwards gladly re- 

 sorted to them. As the soil seemed peculiarly adapt- 

 ed to indigo, a plan respecting its culture was sub- 

 mitted to the Venetian government, by Signer Car- 

 buri, himself a native of Cephalonia, but who had 

 emigrated from the island. The senate granted a 

 large tract of land for the experiment, and created 

 him a count, engaging to countenance the under- 

 taking with peculiar favour. He speedily took pos- 

 session, and having founded a small settlement, pro- 

 ceeded to form extensive plantations. Neither his skill 

 nor conduct, however, seemed to promise that success 

 which might have been reasonably expected; and, . 

 indeed, before the result of his different expedients 

 could be known, he was cruelly assassinated. Olives 

 are produced in great abundance, from which a quan- 

 tity of oil is extracted sufficient to be an article of 

 export : and much fine manna is produced in one of 

 the forests, which might also prove valuable, but 

 the collection of it has hitherto been neglected. 



There are few quadrupeds or birds in Cephalonia, 

 nor do many fishes frequent the shores. The prin. 

 cipal indigenous quadrupeds are goats, whose milk is 

 chiefly made into cheese, and a kind of carpets are 

 manufactured of their hair; but the cattle and sheep 

 consumed by the islanders, are brought from the 

 Morea, 2000 head of the former being annually im- 

 ported. 



Though many portions of the soil are well adapt- 

 ed for agriculture, it is not assiduously followed, con 

 sequently the products of the island in grain are in- 

 considerable, not exceeding five months consump- 

 tion. About 7,000,000 pounds of raisins are export- 

 ed after home consumpt, and a small quantity ot raw 

 cotton. The wines made on the island are of agree- 



