I >m TIM 



Table of 

 the specific 

 heatiof 

 budiet. 



38 C H E M I 



on the water. If the other substances be tried in the 

 same manner, we shall find that they all differ from 

 each other in the quantity of caloric necessary to heal 

 each of them a given number of degrees, some re* 

 quiring more than the same weight of water would 

 do, and others less. Now, the quantity necessary to 

 produce this effect is called the sprcijic caloric of 

 each. The specific caloric of water is taken as the 

 standard and called 1, and all the others referred to 

 it. It is obvious, from the preceding example, that 

 the specific caloric of water is double that of sperma- 

 ceti oil. If we represent the first by 1 , we must, of 

 course, represent the second by 0.5. 



This investigation was begun by Dr Black, and 

 prosecuted by Dr Irvine and Dr Crawford, who pub- 

 lished a table of the specific heat of various bodies, 

 and made it the foundation of his explanation of ani- 

 mal heat. Mr Wilcke of Sweden likewise investiga- 

 ted the specific heat of various bodies. Lavoisier 

 and Laplace attempted the investigation, by ascer- 

 taining how much ice given weights of bodies, heated 

 a certain number ot degrees, was capable of melting 

 during the cooling. The subject was afterwards 

 prosecuted by Kirwan, Meyer, Leslie, and Dalton. 

 The following Table exhibits the result of all the 

 experiments hitherto published on this important 

 subject. 



I. Gases. 



Sp. Caloric. 



Hydrogen 21.4000* 



Oxygen 4.7490* 



Common air 1.7900* 



Carbonic acid 1.0454* 



Azote 0.7936* 



II. Water. 



. f0.9000f 



J0.8000(rt) 



Water 1.0000 



Steam 1.5500* 



STRY. 



r i.ssif 



I 0.95 (n) 



III. Saline Solutions. 

 Carbonate of ammonia .... 

 Sulphuret of ammonia (0.818) ~ 0.994 \ 



Wate? 16 ** ""S""'* J} 0.844 f 



Common salt 1? noaoj. 



Water . . . 8f ' ' a83 ^T 



Ditto . (1.197) 0.78 (D) 



0.8l67t 



Nitre 1 



Water 8 



Nitre 1 



Water S 



Carbonate of potash (1.30) 



Muriate of ammonia 1 1 



Water 1.5 j 



Tartar 1 1 

 Water 237.3 } ' 

 Sulphate of iron 1 



Water 2.5 



Sulphate of soda 1 

 Water . . . . 2.9 



. 0646f 



0.75(D) 

 0.798 1 



0.765 f 

 0.734 1 

 0.728f 



Ctloric. 



Ditto (1.40) o.i 



Solution of brown sugar 0.0^ 



Ditto (1.17) 0.77(i>) 



IV. Acids and Alkalies. 



Vinegar 0.92 (D) 



'pale O.SU-f 



(1-20) 0.76 (D) 



Nitric acid ^' 0.6_'(i.) 



[1.30) 0.66(D) 



0.576f 



) O.GSOf 



) O.l)O(o) 



[1.885) 0.7.--.SI 



(1.872) . . . 

 Sulphuric acid \ ^ ^. 



0.333 (a) 



Do. 4, Waters" 0.66.Jl 



Do. 4, do. 3 0.6031 1 



Do. equal bulks 0.52(o) 



Acetic acid (1.056) 0.66 (D) 



Potash (1.3W) 0.759f 



Alcohol 



V. Inflammable Liquids. 



0.930(o) 



0.6666* 



0.64 (L) 



0.602* 



(0.817) 0.70(n) 



1.086-f 



(0.848) 0.76(D) 



'.66 D) 



Sulphuric ether (0.76) 0.66 ( 



Linseed oil 0.528f 



f 0.5000* 



Spermaceti oil J0.52(o) 



Oil of turpentine 



Spermaceti O.:i!)9f 



Ditto fluid 0.320(n) 



VI. Animal Fluids. 



Arterial blood 1.0300* 



Venous blood 0.8928* 



o , -n f 0.9999* 



Cow's milk J098(n1 



VII. Animal Solids. 



Ox hide, with hair 0.7870* 



Elements- 

 of 



iirf. 



Crawford; f Kirwan; $ Lavolder and Laplace; WUcke; f Meyer ; (t) l*flle; R Count Bumfordj (D) Dalteo ; 



