100 



CHEMISTR V. 



Gntt. 



Vapour of ethe r . . . . 

 Vapour of alcohol . . . 



Muriatic acid 



Fluoric acid 



Nitrous oxide 



Carbonic acid 



Sulphureted hydrogen . 



Oxygen 



Nitrous g* 



Azote 



Carbonic oxide 



defiant gas 



Steam 



Ammonia 



Carbureted hydrogen . 

 Arsenical hydrogen . . 

 Phosphureted hydrogen 

 Hydrogen 



Spec! 



fie Gravity. 

 2.250 

 2.100 



I ,'.'7S 



. .603 

 .518 

 .147 

 .093 

 .038 

 0.969 



o. !>.; 



0.974 

 0.700 

 0.600 

 0.555 

 0.529 

 0.852 

 0.074 



The gases usually contain water. This liquid, in 

 most of them, is in the state of vapour, and intimately 

 united. It may be partly separated by cold or by sub- 

 stances which have a strong affinity for water, as sul- 

 phuric acid, dry muriate of lime, and the dry fixed al- 

 kalies. From the experiments of Saussure we learn, 

 that a hundred cubic inches of air saturated with mois- 

 ture at the temperature of 57 contain 0.35 of a grain 

 troy of moisture. 



When gaseous bodies are brought into contact with 

 each other, they mix equably, how much soever they 

 differ in specific gravity ; and when once mixed, they 

 never after separate. By this mixture, neither the bulk 

 nor the specific gravity of the gaseous bodies is altered. 

 This mutual mixture seems to be analogous to what hap- 

 pens when liquids are mixed together, and seems expli- 

 cable in the same way. It seems to be owing to a weak 

 attraction which exists between the particles of all ga- 

 seous bodies. Mr Dalton affirms, that it is owing en- 

 tirely to the difference between the size of the particles 

 of different gases. 



Several gases have the property of uniting intimately 

 with each other, and of forming new products possessing 

 peculiar properties. The following Table exhibits a 

 view of those that unite upon simple mixture with the 

 products which they form. 



Products. 

 f Nitrous acid. 

 " Nitric acid. 

 . Liquid ammonia. 

 . Muriate of ammonia. 

 . Fluate of ammonia. 

 . Carbonate of ammonia. 

 . Sulphite of ammonia, 

 sulphureted hy- f Hydrosulphuretofam- 

 drogen . . . \ monia. 



The following are the gases which combine only in 

 particular circumstances with the products which they 

 form. 



Products. 



Oxygen with hydrogen Water. 



carbonic oxide . . . Carbonic acid. 



azote Nitric acid. 



sulphurous acid . . Sulphuric acid, 

 nitrous oxide .... Nitric acid. 



The combination of the first two sets is produced by 

 combustion, and may be accomplished cither by a red 



Oxygen with nitrous gas . . 



Ammonia with vapour . . . 

 muriatic acid 

 fluoric acid . 

 carbonic acid 

 sulphurous acid 



heat, or by the electric tpark. Oxygen and azote unite 

 slowly by means of electric sparks, but without combus- 

 tion. Little is known of the way in which the remain- 

 ing sets combine. 



From the experiments hitherto made, it follow;, that 

 when gaseous bodies unite, they unite cither in equal 

 bulks of each, or two or three parts by bulk of one, unite 

 with one part by bulk with the other. The following 

 Table exhibits a view of the proportions of the different 

 constituents by bulk, of various compounds formed by 

 the union of clastic fluids. 



Oxygen with . . . 



Nitrous oxide with 



sulphurcted hydrogen 

 carbureted hydrogen 

 olefiant gas 

 vapour of ether 

 . alcohol 



Klcmentt 



of 

 Cheni 



Some gases, when mixed together, have the property 

 of mutually decomposing each other. The following it 

 a list of these gases. 



Oxygen with phosphureted hydrogen 



Sulphureted hydrogen with nitrous gas 



sulphurous acid 



Many gases decompose each other by combustion, pro- 

 duced either by electric sparks, or by a red- hot body. 

 The following are the principal of these gases. 



hydrogen 



phospnureted hydrogen 

 sulphureted hydrogen 

 carbonic oxide 

 carbureted hydrogen 

 olefiant gas 

 vapour of ether 

 i alcohol 



Nitrous gas with . . . hydrogen 



sulphurous acid 



Hydrogen with . . . sulphurous acid 

 carbonic acid 



Vapour of water with carbureted hydrogen 

 olefiant gaa 



Water absorbs a certain portion of all the gases. Some 

 of them are absorbed only in small quantity by that li- 

 quid, others in large quantity. The following Table ex- 

 hibits the bulk of each gas absorbed by 100 parts of wa- 

 ter freed from air by bofling, as determined by the expe- 

 riments of Dr Henry and Mr Dalton. 



