C H I 



181 



(hichcster. the dean and prebendaries, occupy the space between 

 ""V^' the west and south-west gates. The length of the 

 cathedral from east to west is 4-10 feet; the height of 

 the central tower and steeple 270 feet ; the height of 

 the towers at-t!ie west end i5 feet ; the height of the 

 tower on the north-west side of the church 107 feet ; and 

 the height of the roof or vaulting 61 feet. About a 

 century ago the spire was struck with lightning, and 

 some large stones, one of which was three-fourths oi a cwt. 

 was thrown over the houses intoWest-street. Among the 

 numerous monuments affixed to different parts of the 

 cathedral, one of the most interesting is the monument 

 erected by the inhabitants cf Chichester to the poet Col- 

 lins, who was a native of the town. It is executed by 

 Flaxman with his usual taste and ability. The seven 

 churches are all built with flint stones. In the middle of 

 the market-place is a stately octangular cross, supported 

 on eight arches, highly ornamented, and reckoned su- 

 perior to any thing of the kind in England. The market 

 house is built of stone, and supported by stone pillars. 

 The guild-hall, though mean, is a spacious and ancient 



C H I 



building. The bishop's palace, built in 1727> is more Chichestcr, 

 remarkable for its size than its beauty. """ T""'' 



The river Lavant is navigable for small vessels. The 

 quay and harbour is about two miles from the town, and 

 tour from the sea. Large quantities of salt were for- 

 merly made at Chichester, and there was also a great 

 manufacture of needles. Baizes, coarse cloths, and blan- 

 kets are manufactured here ; and ship-building is carried 

 on to a considerable extent. 



According to the recent population returns for 1811, 

 Chichester contains 



Inhabited houses 1083 



Familit-s 1286 



Families employed in agriculture 72 



Families employed in trade and manufactures . . 803 



Males 2878 



Females 3547 



Total population . 64-25 



See the Architectural Antiquities of Gicat Britain,., 

 vol. i. ; and Hay's History of C/iic/iestcr. (w) 



CHILI. 



Chili. C/IIILI is a country of South America, stretching along between the 68th and 74-th of west longitude. In treat 



its w stern coast, and confined on the east by a chain of 

 the Cordilleras. It occupies that space which lies be- 

 tween the 24-th and 45th degrees of south latitude, and 



ing of this country, we shall comprehend our account of 

 it under two general divisions ; the first containing the 

 History, the second the Statistics of Chili. 



PART I. HISTORY OF CHILI. 



Chili. 



History FROM a total want of records, the origin of the Chi- 

 lese is still obscure and undetermined. Their own opi- 



^" ? ^ ? f "ions, as well as their traditions on the subject, are alto- 

 the Cluleic. i r 



gether so vague, imperfect, and contradictory, as at best 



to afford only the means of conjecture. Some of them 

 would lead us to conclude, that Chili was settled from 

 the west ; others, that its inhabitants came from the 

 north j and others, that they are indigenous. That A- 

 merica, in general, was peopled from Asia, is an opinion 

 very common and well supported ; but it still remains to 

 be decided, whether all its inhabitants are of the same 

 origin, and received from the same point of communica- 

 tion, the north-east of Asia. Molina supposes that Chili, 

 in com-ron with the rest of South America, was origin- 

 ally settled from the southern parts of Asia. In support 

 of this, h-: alleges the general similarity of language and 

 character, which, to this day, are still observable in their 

 respective inhabitants ; and, in order to shew some pro- 

 babl line of communication, has recourse to an ingenious 

 but rather bold conjecture. He imagines, that a vast 

 extent of country has once united the two continents to- 

 wards the south, but that this, by the gradual encroach- 

 ments of the Pacific Ocean, has since that time been re- 

 duced to a chain of i -lands. From suppositions of this 

 mture, and with materials such as we have mentioned, it 

 w.mid be vain to pursue an irquiry, which could only 

 betray us into the labyrinths of theory, without leading 

 in the end to any certain or satisfactory conclusion. 

 The Peru- '' ' to 'he Peruvian annals that we are indebted for 

 iaiu i n the earliest accounts of Chili, and from them we have no- 

 thing prior to the middle of the fifteenth century. At 

 that time the Peruvian* greatly -urpassed all their neigh- 

 bours in civilization. They had already brought many 

 of them under subjection, and were soon excited to the 

 conquest of Chili, by the natural advantages of the coun- 



try, the fertility of its fields, and the delightful salubrity HUtorr 

 of its climate. Anticipating the difficulties of an enter- 

 prise the greatest they had yet undertaken, it was not 

 entered upon without the most cautious deliberation, and 

 nothing was omitted, that might tend in any degree to 

 procure a successful issue. At length, after the minu- 

 test enquiries, Yupanqui, the tenth Inca, marched with a 

 numerous army to the frontiers of Peru, and having there 

 established his court in the province of Atacama, dis- 

 patched Sanchiruca, with part of his troops, for the sub- 

 jugation of Chili. Preceded by ambassadors, the Peru- 

 vian general entered the country with very slight oppo- 

 sition, and almost without a blow reduced the whole of 

 the southern provinces, as far as the river Rapel. Be- 

 yond this was a people very different from the unwarlike 

 tribes, which had already been so easily and rapidly subdu- 

 ed. They were named Promaucians, or free dancers, a high- 

 minded people, fond of the peaceful amusements, but still 

 fonder of liberty. They met with vigour the invaders of 

 their independence ; and in a battle of three, or, according 

 to some accounts, of six days contin uance, completly routed 

 the Peruvians, drove them from their territories, and com- 

 pelled them to limit their acquisitions in Chili, to those less 

 formidableand'already subjected provinces, which lie north 

 of the Rapel. Upon these provinces the Inca imposed an 

 annual tribute of gold, but no innovation was attempted, 

 either in their customs, manners, or government, all of 

 which they were suffered to retain free and unaltered till 

 the year 1535, when Chili was invaded by the Spaniards 

 under Diego Almagro. 



These brave but unprincipled adventurers had already Invasion of 

 conquered Mexico, and overrun, with incredible success, Chili by 

 the whole kingdom of Peru. Still, however, unsatisfied, the s P a- 

 their avarice and their ambition were yet farther allured " larsUIH 

 by the rich mines si.d the beautiful plains of Chili. Al- 



