CHILI. 



189 



Hirtory. tree. Others, by a merciless indulgence, as if to spread 

 Sl ^"Y~~"' still wider the face of calamity, were permitted to escape 

 with life, driven mangled and helpless from their habita- 

 tions, to stretch forth their mutilated arms, and implore 

 vengeance on the oppressor. 



Such iniquitous measures did not fail to raise up new 

 opponents. Mustees, Mulattoes, and even Spaniards, 

 went over to the enemy. In aggravation, however, of 

 their late misfortunes, their little army, consisting of 800 

 men under Paynenancu, venturing to engage the whole 

 Spanish forces, was cut off almost to a man, and their 

 intrepid leader taken and executed. In this deplorable 

 exigence, extraordinary efforts were exerted to retrieve 

 their sinking affairs. Messengers, with symbolical ar- 

 rows, were speedily dispersed through the country, and 

 at length succeeded in mustering a respectable force. But 

 the Spaniards still maintained a formidable ascendency. 

 TheToquiCayencurahavinglostseveralengagements, and 

 finding his designs against the fortress of Arauco com- 

 pletely frustrated by another defeat, retired in disgust, 

 resigning the command to his son Nangoniel, who was 

 soon after slain in an ambuscade. 



The Eng- At thig per j o d, ( 1535) the English made a feeble ef- 

 lisa make a r . i if- i /~M -T n- rn, 



feeble at. * ort to 8U PP' an t the Spanish interests in Chili. Sir 1 ho- 

 terapt upon ma9 Cavendish, with only three vessels, landed a few 

 Chili. troops at the port of Quintero, and began tampering 



with the natives. He was soon attacked, however, and 

 driven off by the corrigidor of St Jago. 



The succeeding Toquis, Cadeguala, Guanaolca, Quinti- 

 genu, and Pailaeco, though each could boast of some 

 gallant exploit, were none of them able to expel the 

 enemy. The first fell at Puren in single combat with 

 Garcia Ramon, commander of the place. Guanaolca suc- 

 ceeded in capturing the forts of Puren, Trinidad, and 

 Spirito Santo, but effected nothing more of importance ; 

 and the Spaniards were still left masters of the country. 

 Exploits of The period, however, of this toqui's power, was suffi- 

 Jamqueo, c ; en tly signalised by the retributory valour of Janiqueo, 

 a " an Araucanian heroine, who, stimulated.by the loss of her 

 husband to gird on the sword of vengeance, and, in con- 

 junction with her brother, heading a troop of Puelches, 

 carried devastation through the colonies, and severely 

 harassed the operations of the Spanish army. She was 

 at last, however, entiri-ly defeated on the mountaius of 

 Villarica, with the complete dispersion of her followers. 

 Quintiguenu began his short career with all the ardour 

 and expectation of a youthful hero. He carried by as- 

 sault the fort of Mareguenu. The Spaniards assailed 

 it in turn, and were, for the first time, victorious oil that 

 celebrated mountain. The young Toqui performed all 

 that glory could inspire, and perished with the greater 

 part of his army. Pailaeco, like Nangoniel, fell in his 

 first enterprise, not a single Araucanian having escaped 

 the slaughter. 



Succeeding Thus after a rapid succession of seven Toquis, none of 

 operation* whom were deficient in courage, and some of them exert- 

 ing a degree of military energy which merited, and at first 

 seemed to promise a more prosperous event, the Spaniards 

 still maintained possession of the country. Both parties, 

 however, were extremely exhausted, and while the Arau- 



nian he 

 roiiie. 



canians, with their new Toqui, returned once more to the ^History. ^ 

 marshes of Lumaco, the Spanish commander finding his '*"*"Y~~"^ 

 forces so much reduced, as to render impossible the vigo- 

 rous prosecution of his advantages without very consi- 

 derable reinforcements, went in person to Peru, for the 

 purpose of more readily obtaining them. At Lima he 

 met with Don Martin Loyola, commissioned to super- 

 sede him. This officer, on his arrival at Conception, was 

 visited by a deputy from Paillamachu, whose true purposa 

 by the message was not merely, as pretended, the formali- 

 ty of congratulation, but, if possible, under that pretence, 

 to discover the views and temper of his new antagonist.* 

 The period of Loyola's government was singularly un- 

 fortunate. He began his administration by founding' 

 (1594) the city of Coya, intended for the double pur- 

 pose of protecting the minea of Killacoya, and as a place 

 of retreat for the inhabitants of Angol ; but he could 

 not save the colonies from the predatory incursions of 

 Paillamachu. This aged Toqui led forth his soldiers, in 

 1596, to gather subsistence from the enemy's territory, 

 and by the rapidity of his movements eluded all pursuit. 

 He took by storm the fortress of Lumaco, which, in or- 

 der to repress his excursions, had been erected on the 

 borders of the marsh. Soon afterwards, by one fortu- 

 nate blow, he redeemed the liberties of his country. Loy- p a ;iiama- 

 ola returning from Araucania, had, upon reaching the chu kills 

 frontiers, dismissed the greater part of his escort, when Loyola the 

 Paillamachu came upon him during the night with 200 g ve ">or, 

 men, surprised him in his rash security, and slew him ^ rj *' 

 with all his attendants. This exploit seems to have been country 

 confidently anticipated by the Araucanians, and, by pre- from the 

 vious concert, was appointed the signal for a general in- Spaniards, 

 surrection. Within two days, all the Spanish settlements 

 from the Biobio to the Archipelago of Chiloe were at- 

 tacked by the enemy, and their cities closely invested. 

 While the victorious Toqui, seizing this moment of sur- 

 prise and trepidation.f crossed the frontiers, took Con- 

 ception and Chilian, ravaged the provinces, and loaded 

 his troops with their plunder. Notwithstanding, how- 

 ever, the general consternation, Pedro de Viscaza, with 

 what troops he could muster, boldly entered Araucania, 

 and happily succeeded in withdrawing the inhabitants of 

 Angol and Coya. With these he re-peopled the deserted 

 cities of Conception and Chilian. Their apprehensions 

 were considerably allayed by the arrival of Don Francis- 

 co Quinones as governor, with a supply of soldiers and 

 military stores. Still, however, the numerous sieges in 

 Araucania were pressed with vigour by the natives, and 

 some indecisive engagements produced the evacuation of 

 Canete and Arauco, while the disappointed Quinones 

 vented all the fury of his unmanly temper on a few 

 wretched captives. Shortly afterwards Valdivia fell into 

 the hands of Paillamachu, who stormed its fortifications, 

 after swimming with his troops across the river. Its 

 capture put the enemy in possession of two millions of 

 dollars, a great number of cannon, with four hundred 

 prisoners. 



In addition to these misfortunes, the Dutch with five 

 ships of war plundered the island of Chiloe, and massacred 

 its garrison. Upon landing, however, on the island of 



monar 



...... ^..w...,.,tu , v mo v^i.iii.jiiicii. iregive n in me words ol Molina. " We are not ignorant," said the Aiauc.i- 



f the power of your prince, which extends from cast to west. But we arc not to be despised ; for although we arc but a small 

 have hitherto resisted his immense power. Your ideas respecting peace arc very different from ours. By peace \vc iiiidcr- 

 re cessation of hostilities, which is to be followed by a complete renunciation on your part of any pretended right of 

 T us, and the restoration of those lands you have occupied in our territories. You, on the contrary, under that name, 

 subject us, to which we will never consent while we have a drop of Wood in our veins." 

 On the first emotions of terror, the inhabitants of St Jago resolved to mjit th e country, and remore to Peru. 



