C II I L 1. 





Forbear, 

 ac* oi the 



-i<HU 



Arauci- 



; -Li. 



The Spa- 

 nun army 

 cut in pie- 

 ce by the 

 Toqu'i Hu- 

 eneucura. 



Re-eta. 

 blub meat 

 of the 

 conn of 

 Royal Au. 

 ditnce. 



Talea, they were resulted with low by the inhabitant*, 

 who seem to have mistaken them for Spaniards. 



These accumulating reverses wen? quite overpowering 

 to the puny spirit of the governor, and he desired permit- 

 H hich wat granted him, to resign the command. 

 Neither the experience of Garcia Ramon, nor the valour 

 of Rivera, who had signalised himself in the low coun- 

 tries, could retard the fall of Imperial, Villarica, and 

 Osorno. f This happened in the course of 1602, under 

 circumstances of extreme priratiou. j: The treatment of 

 the prisoners, who by these successes fell into the power 

 of the Araucaniins, affords a noble instance of generosi- 

 ty and forbearance. They were distributed among the 

 inhabitants, and though a few fell into brutal hands, and 

 were treated with severity, not one of them was, ac- 

 cording to the example of the Spaniards, cither mutila- 

 ted or impaled. The married were in general allow- 

 ed to retain their wives, while ethers had permission to 

 unite themselves to the females of the country: and when 

 Ui exchange of prisoners took place, some of them who 

 hid families preferred remaining with ttieir captors. 

 Such was the conduct of a p"Ople, who, by acts of the 

 most ferocious barbarity, had been too frequently provo- 

 ked to ret.ili.ite, and who, in that instance, possessed the 

 full means of retribution. 



The misfortunes of the Spaniards did not cease with 

 the life of Paillamachu, who died at the close of the year 

 1603. Garcia Ramon, upon his second succession to 

 the command, having been largely reinforced, entered 

 Araucania at the head of three thousand regular troops, 

 besides auxiliaries; an army which was fondly regarded 

 by the colonists as the certain means of re-establishing 

 their tyranny, and wiping out the stain of their calamities. 

 He constructed a fortress in the province of Boroa, which, 

 however, the garrison was shortly compelled to evacuate. 

 The Spanish army then commenced its ravages in two 

 :ii ; these were separately attacked by the Toqui 

 Huenencura, and with such admirable dexterity and over- 

 powering success, that he destroyed or captured them to 

 a mm. 



Induced by these repeated disasters, the court of 

 Spain decreed a permanent establishment of two thousand 

 regular troops to be maintained on the frontiers ; and in 

 1609, after its suppression for thirty four years, restored 

 the Royal Audience. Garcia once more crossed the Bio- 

 bio, and somewhat retrieved the disgrace of his late over- 

 throw by defeating the Araucaniant. He died soon after- 

 wards in the town of Conception, regretted by the 

 Spaniards, and respected even by the enemy for his ho- 

 nour and humanity. Huenencura did not long survive him. 

 The succeeding Toqui Aillavalu the second, has been 

 ranked among the greatest of Araucanian generals, but 

 his fame has outlived the memory of his exploits. 



In the year 1612, in consequence of the complaint! of 

 Luis Valdivia, a Jesuit missionary, who zealously repre- 

 sented to the king the impracticability of propagating 

 religion amid the tumult of arms, great exertions were 



History. 



made, on the part of Spain, to accomplish treaty. 

 Philip III., a bigotted though devout monarch, issued 

 commando for a suspension of hostilities, and commission- 

 ed Valdivia with full powers to negotiate a peace. Ail- 

 lavalu, su>-picioui ot the enemy, paid little regard to their 

 professions. But his successor Ancaiumon, after minute 

 inquiries, entered sincerely into proposals for an accom- 

 modation. The conditions proposed were these. " That N efrO tia. 

 the Biobio should serve as a barrier to both nations, so tioiu far 

 that neither should be permitted to pass it with an army ; peace 

 that all deserters, in future, should be mutually returned; 

 and that the missionaries should be permitted to preach 

 thedoctrinesofChrihtianity in the Araucanian territories." 

 After the execution of the required preliminaries, and 

 when the treaty was on the point of being finally con- 

 eluded, the whole proceedings were completely overturn- 

 ed by the obstinate bigotry or the interested opposition 

 of the Spanish officers. One of the Toqui's wives, a 

 Spanish lady, whose detention in that capacity had been 

 compulsory, seizing the occasion of her husband's absence, 

 fled to the governor with two small children. Anca- 

 namon vainly demanded their restoration : his claim was 

 rejected by a majority of officers. He then claimed his 

 two infant daughters, for whom he bore the fondest at- 

 tachment ; but of these also the eldest was denied him, on 

 the plea that he had been converted to Christianity, and 

 might be in danger, in a pagan country, of receding from 

 the faith. In the mean time the Ulmen ot illicura had, 

 from motives of gratitude to Valdivia, engaged to facili- 

 tate the negotiation, and at the same time received some 

 missionaries into his province. The exasperated Toqui, 

 who had now abandoned all desire of peace, no sooner 

 was informed of this proceeding, than he hastened with 

 a party of two hundred horse to Illicura, and immediately 

 slew the missionaries with their protector. All attempts 

 to revive the negotiation were fruitless. 



Thus frivolously was rekindled a war, which, in its Hoitilid'et 

 course, had already drained Araucania of its bravest in- renewed. 

 habitants, and drenched its fields with the best blood of 

 the enemy. Ancanamon poured out his indignant ven- 

 geance on the Spanish provinces, and some severe engage- 

 ments followed. But the levity of the Spaniards receiv- 

 ed its full measure of retributio:i, during the dictatorships 

 of Lientur and Putapichion. The ardent genius and 

 enterprising spirit of Lientur carried every thing before 

 him. His expeditions were a succession of triumphs to 

 his country, and of discomfiture and humiliation to the 

 Spaniards : he retired with glory in his old age, regarded 

 even by his enemies at the darling of fortune. He was suc- 

 ceeded by Putapichion, a leader possessed of talents scarce- 

 ly inferior, though less uniformly triumphant, but whose 

 laurels were shamefully polluted, by reviving, happily 

 but in one instance, the cruel ceremony of the pruloncon 

 or dance of the dead. $ He fell gloriously, in a bloody 

 engagement with the Spanish governor Don Francisco 

 Laso, and in the moment of success ; but his soldiers, 

 intent only to remove the body of their leader, permitted 



The cpture of thin city WM greatly protracted by the active Intrepidity of Inct, Apuclcra, who, after losing her husband and bro- 

 ther, conducted the defence in person. She escaped with part of the inhabitant* ; and the king rewarded her valour by an annual pen- 

 sion of two thotuand dullari. 



f According to an account ddrwted to the court of Chili, (1774) by Don Ignatlu* Pinner, the Spanish garrison of Osorno retired U 

 n peninsula formed by it lake at the tenth foot of the Andes, where they built and i'urtifiid a city, and weie known to tin Indiana by 

 the ntme of Alcahunca*. Of this establishment the officers ere said to have bcconii- the lyiMnts, and used the snidest prccautinus to 

 prevent intelligence of its existence being carried to any of the Spanish settlements ; and in this they were actively seconded by the 

 surrounding Indium. 



The guriWM," art th Abb* Molina. " were compelled to subsist on the most Inalh-omc fond ; and a piece of boiled leather 

 Wtt n*iUn*4 m a sumptuous rvpatt for the voluptuous inhabitants of Villarica and Oorno " 



| It WM the custom of ibis barbarous festival to sacrifice one of the captives to the manes of (he soldiers (lain in battle. A minute 

 rlptton of U* MresMor will to feuo* la tfe article AmcHi, 



