C H O 



854 



CUR 



trrrali of these name*, an.i tlw Roman numerals, I, II, 

 III. IV, V, VI, V II. and Vli I, for themajor intervals { 

 by the use of (?, affixed to these Arabic numerals, to denote 

 the depreitiun or lesteniag of n minor interval, either a 

 medium or a minor *emiton<-, S) or S (see our Table of 

 Interval., Plate XXX. in Vol. II.;) by adding # to the 

 Roman numerals, to denote the elevation or enlarging of a 

 major interval, by S or S, according to their places in the 

 scale ; and by using also the grave and acute marks, ' and ', 

 affixed likewise to the numerals, to denote the depression 

 or elevation of a major comma C. Thus the chord cal- 



V VI 6 



led the common chord is marked, jjjor ^ or y, the oc- 

 tave being here understood. The chord of diminished 



1,7 IV VI' VI 



seventh by 5, and its inversions by 5, IV, and IV, (page 

 3 > > $?II 



vi vni vin 



90.) The redundant sixth by V , VI, and V , (page 



III III III 



99, Sec.) 



It were still, however, desirable, that the ambiguous or 

 variable signification of #.and t> were avoided, in marking 

 chords sometimes to mean S and sometimes S, as Mr 

 Farey has shewn in the Philosophical Magazine, vol. 

 xxxix. p. 375 ; especially as this use of these characters 

 interferes with their established use in figuring bases. 

 The ambiguity of the term major and minor, sometimes 

 denoting 8 and sometimes S, is not a parallel case, as 

 Mr Liston seems to infer, in his note, page 137; because 

 it is only by an original defect, or a partial view in the 

 framcri of the nomenclature of intervals, that a minor and 

 major third, for instance, had not separate and indepen- 

 dent names ; and the same ought not now to be imitated 

 in coining new terms, or inventing marks, when the pre- 

 cise values of intervals being understood, it is unphiloso- 

 phical and improper to mark or call the departure from 

 Jixed terms, as II, III, IV, &c. by the mark % or term 

 redundant, having each different significations (S and S,) 

 or from 2, 3, *, &c. by the mark [) or term diminished, 

 sometimes measured by S and sometimes by S in such 

 cases. It seems that Mr Liston was deterred from using 

 the terms flat and sharp, (according to his marks,) in- 

 stead of diminished and redundant, by the absurd and 

 ambiguous language of those writers who still often 

 use flat and sharp synonymously with minor and major, 

 and ray a flat third, or a sharp sixth, when they mean 

 the minor or major of these respectively. In Mr Lis- 

 ton's work, already quoted, the values of the several in- 

 tervals, in all the several chords that occur in composi- 

 tion, are distinctly marked as above, and their peculia- 

 rities of effect on the ear, as exhibited on the extended 

 or harmonic scale of his organ, are pointed out, and 

 appear to offer much new and curious speculation and 

 use to the scientific and practical musician. (;) 



CHORDS, VIBRATION OF. See ACOUSTICS and Vi- 

 BKvrrov. 



CHORETRUM, a genus of plants of the class Pen- 

 tandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 172 ; 

 and Brown's Prodromut, &c. p. 359. 



CHOR LEY, a town of England in Lancashire, situ- 

 ated near the source of a rivulet called Chor, which, 

 taking its rise from teveral springs to the east of the 

 town, falls into the Yarrow, a large river which waters 

 the south-east part of the township. The town, which 

 it tolerably well built, is not distinguished by any public 

 edifices of great importance. The parochial chapel, de- 

 dicated to St Lawrence, is ornamented with numerous 

 figure* and hieroglyphics, and is supposed to be of Saxon 



structure. The prison stands at the south end of the Ch 

 town ; and there are several disentm<; meeting-houses, . I. 

 a poor-house, a grammar school, six alms-houses, and e- ^"""^ 

 veral Sunday schools. The cotton manufacture is car- *~<~* 

 ried on lure to a ^rcat extent, ;nul nearly a third of the 

 whole population arc employed in it, and in bleaching, 

 printing cottons, fustians, calicoes, and muslins. NumoroM 

 mills are put in motion by the Chor and t!ic Yarrow, 

 while extensive bleaching grounds and print fit Ids occu- 

 py their banks. The trade of the place derives great 

 benefit from two canals, vh. the Liverpool and Leeds 

 direction, and the Lancaster canal. The principal pro- 

 ductions of the vicinity, are coa', lead, and alum, marl, 

 slate, and freestone of various kinds for flags and mill- 

 stones. The court of the bishop of Chester is held here 

 twice a year by proxy. According to the population 

 returns in 1811, the parish of Chorley contains, 



Inhabited houses 902 



Families that occupy them iM'J 



Families employed in agriculture 100 



Do. in trade and manufactures 790 



Males 



Females 



Total population 5 IS 1 ,: 



(') 



CHOROIDES. See EYE and OPTICS. 



CHORUS. See DRAMA and POETRY. 



CHOSROES, or KORROES. See PERSIA. 



CHRIST. SSL CHRISTIANITY. 



CHRIST-CHURCH, a borough and market town in 

 Hampshire, is pleasantly situated at the conflux of the 

 Avon and Stour. The principal building in the town is 

 the church, which is large and interesting. Parts of the 

 old castle are still standing, which appear to be portions 

 of the keep and of the state apartments. The hotel, 

 which has been recently built, and is fitted up with every 

 accommodation, commands a delightful prospect of the 

 sea, and of the Needle Rocks at the west end of the 

 Isle of Wight. There is here also a poor-house, and se- 

 veral friendly societies. The inhabitants are principally- 

 employed in two breweries, and in the salmon fishery. 

 The lower classes of females employ themselves in knit- 

 ting stockings, and children find employment from a ma- 

 nufacture of watch spring chains, which has been esta- 

 blished a few years ago. According to the population 

 returns in 1811, the borough contains, 



Inhabited houses 303 



Families 327 



Do. employed in agriculture 28 



Do. employed in trade 14-5 



Males 682 



Females STl 



Total population 1553 



(w) 



CHRISTIAN I. II. III. IV. V. See DENMARK. 



CHRISTIANA, SANTO. See MARQUESAS IM.I ... 



CHRISTIANA, a city and sea port town of Nor- 

 way, in the government of Aggeihuus, is situated at the 

 extremity of a bay of the same name, which runs almost 

 sixty miles up the country-. It is covered with a num- 

 ber of islands of various sizes, filled with mountains 

 rocks, and rising from the water in the most beautiful 

 and picturesque forms. 



The town, which covers a considerable extent of ground, 

 is divided into the city and suburbs of Waterlandt, Pe- 

 terwigcn, and Fierdingen, the fortress of Aggerhuus, and 

 the town of Opsloe. The city was rebuilt after a plan 

 designed by Christian IV. in which the streets were at 

 right angles to each other, and all of them 40 feet wide. 



