C H R 



399 



C H R 



Chroma, The population of St Christopher's, in 1637, amounted 



( hromatic. to a b ou t 13,000. It contains at present about 20,000 



>- ~.^*~ ' blacks, and 8000 whites. West Long. 63 17', North 



Lat. 17 15'. See Edward's Hist, of the West Indies, 



and Gray's Letter from Canada. See also the article 



WEST INDIES. (:u) 



CHR- MA., in Music, or CHROMATI, is the name by 

 which M. Henfling has denominated the interval whose 

 ratio is J. = 362 +/+ 3m, being the SEMITONE 

 Minor, which see. ($) 



CHROMATIC, in Music, is applied to such scales 

 or passages, as proceed wholly, or in a larger degree than 

 usual, by half notes, semi or hemitones ; in which it is 

 usually opposed to diatonic, or such scales or passages 

 as proceed principally by whole notes or tones. The 

 ancient Greeks had, or pretended to have, so many va- 

 rieties of scales, or modes of dividing the tctrachord or 

 minor fourth, into three degrees or intervals, that they 

 have been classed into genera, of which the chromatic 

 is one ; which is distinguished by the two lower inter- 

 vals being hemitones, and the other a third of some sort. 

 Music of this genus is said to have had a tendency to 

 produce or heighten expressions of grief or affliction, 

 and its name to be derived from %vfut, which is supposed 

 to express a colour, and the blending or shading of such 

 into each other ; and so the chromatic semitones were 

 supposed to blend or connect the tones, by the framers 

 of these systems, as we are told. See CIIROMATICUM, 

 Intensum, Molle, Sesquialterum, and Toniarum. (5) 



CHROMATIC DIESIS, in Music,(3),isan interval so 

 named and marked by Dr Callcott, which remains when the 

 euharmonic diesis is taken from a medius semitone ; or, when 

 a major semitone is taken from the sum of a medius and 

 minor semitone ; and though noticed by no writer that 

 we have read but Dr Callcott before Mr Liston, is ra- 

 ther an important interval, as the difference between ]) F 

 and $ E, and between [)Cand $B, in his euharmonic 

 scale, or that adapted to perfect harmony. The ratio of 

 the chromatic diesis is \ j-Jy* ; the component primes 



2'* 

 " ; its common logarithm is .9871761,5779; in 



J t) 



the binary logarithms of Euler, or decimals of an octave, 

 it is =.0426006 ; in those in which the major comma is 

 the modulus, it is 2.376960 ; and where the schisma is 

 the modulus or unit =26.165386 ; its value in the ntfw no- 

 tation is 26 Z+/+2m; in the notation of elements of per- 

 fect tune, it is /+2 ; in diatonic elements T + 2< 38 ; 

 in chromatic elements S-(-cJ S, as before observed ; 

 and in concordant, or tunable elements, it is 4 1 1 Ids 

 3-4ths, whence, on such an instrument as Mr Liston's 

 organ, it can be correctly tuned by perfect intervals 

 only. 



The following equations exhibit the value of the c/iro- 

 matic diesis, in terms of all the several intervals in the 

 Table, Plate XXX. Vol. II. viz. 



;fe+2c 

 cl +D 

 2<t + r 

 /c+E 



S 



/ 



p 



L 

 S 



E 







2 

 2E 



=2S S 

 =2J L 

 =2*- # 

 =2D r 

 =4111 3-4ths 



>=262+f +2m 

 =242 + 7f + 2d 

 = 162 -j-m + p 

 = 12Z+m+D 

 =42 + f + 2c 

 = H2+m+,r 



:22 +2c+r 

 :2 + 

 :2 4- 



=2f 

 = f 

 = R 



Chromatic. 



+ rf <P 

 + E-f 



=2 



P + rf S 

 P + /-S 



P + r _ 



P + #-rf 

 P + 2cf T 

 P +D L 

 S -f 6 S 

 S + 2 -/ 

 T + t 3S 

 2 + t S 

 26d+79f 21m 

 272+ 3m F 

 322+ 3m R 

 2 J + <1 P 



S=T E S 

 =T P 2 

 =t* S -C 

 =S c 2 

 = S E 

 =2S P 3-C 

 =28 P C 

 =2*- 42 f 

 =2D 22 f 

 = S 422 4m 

 = P 322 3m 

 =8 212 2m 

 = L 202 2m 

 =J 102 m 



CHROMATIC DIESIS, (least) of Chambers, Holder, 



24 

 &c. is an interval whose ratio is , = 362 + f+3m, and 



39 



is the SEMITONE Minor {f, which see. (?) 



CHROMATIC DISSONANT TRIAD, in Music, or the 

 Superfluous 7V/arf,isachord wherein two major or two mi- 



III 3 



nor thirds occur, as ijjr<, the consonant triad consist- 



ing always of a major and minor third, as ,, ) r iTT-/ \ 



CHROMATIC ELEMENTS, in Music, or Semitones o 

 the Chromatic Douzeave Scale, are the major, the nu-dius, 

 and minor semitones, S, S, and rf, (see Plate XXX. Vol. 

 II.) wliich were so denominated by Mr Farey in the Phi- 

 losophical Magazine, vol. xxxix. p. 414, on finding, that 

 upon Mr Listou's euharmonic, or perfect harmony organ, 

 whatever changes are made by the use of the pedals for 

 [;* and %s among his 24 principal notes, these three 

 intervals, and no others, (except the semitone maximum 

 S between B$ and C %, with the 3d % pedal,) are 

 found between the adjacent notes of every new scale, in 

 the progress of modulatian. Thus in Mr Liston's ori- 

 ginal scale, 



C C* D E\> E F 



S SSdS 



I II 3 III 4 



G G$ A Bb B C 

 SJ SSSS 

 V 6 VI 7 VII VIII 



which are related to the key C, as in the lower line, by 

 intervals major and minor, the differences or interim dia- 

 ry intervals arc as expressed in the intermediate line and 

 spaces ; in which it may be observed, that if we begin at 

 the 8, between F and F$, or above the 4th of the key, 

 and proceed either upwards or downwards, thesucci-ssive 

 intervals and their order, are the same to S between B and 

 C, or above the VHth of the key ; and in like manner, 

 if we begin at the S last mentioned, or half tone below 

 the key, and proceed both upwards and downwards, the 

 order and magnitude of the intervals is the same. In the 

 use of every new pedal, the order of these elements is 

 changed, still however we have always 7 3 + 38 + 20?:= 

 VIII, except with the use of Mr Liston's second and 

 third sharp pedals, when d below B$ is substituted for 

 S, and S + C above it for the S, that was before placed 

 below C*. (0 



CHROMATIC FRENCH HORN. Since about the 

 beginning of the 18th century, the attention of different 

 musicians has been turned to the completing of >he chro- 

 matic scale, or supplying the horn (and trumpet also) 

 with additional notes, both for performing all the notes 



