CHRONOLOGY. 



421 



B. C. 



Chronolo- 432. Metonic cycle begins. Melon ob. post 415. 



?y- 431. Pelop- nnesian war begins May 7, and lasts near 27 

 ^ m ^T^"' years. Euctemon the astronomer flourished. A 



comet appeared, which continued visible for 60 



days. See Lubiniezki and Hcvelius, the last of 



whom places it in 430. 

 430. The history of the Old Testament finishes about 



this time. A plague at Athens for five years. 

 429. Socrates the philosopher flourished, ob. 400, aet. 70. 

 428. Democritus of Abdera, ob. 361, aet. 109. 

 427. Gorgias of Leontium, the orator, ob. 400. set. 108. 

 426. The plague breaks out at Athens a second time. 



Thucydides the historian flourished, ob. about 



391, aet. about 80. An eruption of Mount ./Etna. 

 42.5. Hippocrates of Cs, the physician, ob. 361. set. 99. 

 424. Aristophanes' first comedy of the Clouds acted 



against Socrates. 

 423. A truce between the Lacedemonians and Athe- 



421. 



420. 

 419. 

 418. 



416. 

 415. 



414. 



413. 

 412. 



411. 

 410. 



408. 



407. 

 406. 

 405. 



404, 



403, 

 402, 

 401, 



400. 



399. 

 398. 



397 



mans. 



A peace of 50 years between the Lacedaemonians 

 and Athenians. 



Alcibiades, the Athenian general, ob. 404, aet. 46. 



Protagoras of Abdera, the sophist, flourished. 



The Lacedaemonians gain a signal victory over the 

 Argues and Mantin^ans. 



The Agrarian law proposed at Rome. 



Alcibiades accused at Athens. Parrhasius, of 

 Ephesus, the painter. 



Egypt revolts from the Persians. The second part 

 of the Peloponnesian war begins. A comet ap- 

 peared. 



An eclipse of the moon, Aug. 27, by which Nicias 

 was so terrified that he lost the Athenian army in 

 Sicily. 



The Athenians are deserted by their allies. Ly- 

 sias the orator, ob. 378, zt. 81. Four hundred 

 persons elected to the government of Athens. A 

 comet appeared in winter in the North. 



A comet appeared. See Heveliut. 



The Athenians defeat the Lacedaemonians at Cyzi- 

 cum. The history of Thucydides ends, and that 

 of Xenophon begins. The Carthaginians attack 

 Sicily. A comet appeared. See Riccioli. 



The Romans defeat the Volsci. The Athenians 

 seize the Hellespont. 



The Carthaginians renew their attack upon Sicily. 



Agathon the comic poet flourished. 



The Athenian fleet of 180 ships defeated at JEgos- 

 pi. tamos by Lysander. Syracuse usurped by 

 Dionysius. Cebes the philosopher 



Lysander takes Athens, and finishes the Pelopon- 

 nesian war. Athens governed by 30 tyrants. 

 Euclid of Megara, the philosopher. 



The Roman infantry first received pay. 



Teltstes, the dithyrambic poet, flourished. 



Cyrus killed in an expedition against Artaxerxes. 

 The retreat of the 10,000 Greeks under Xeno- 

 phon. The SO tyrants expelled from Athens 

 by Thrasybulus, and the democratic government 

 established. A comet appeared. See Lubiniez- 



u. 



The Athenians put Socrates to death. Xenophon 

 the philosopher, ob. 359, aet. about 90. 



The feast called Lectisltrniiim instituted at Rome. 



Military catapultse invented by Dionysius about 

 this time. Ctoias, the physician and historian, 

 ob. after 384. Many prodigies are seen at Rome. 



Dionysim of Syracuse declares war against the 



B. C. 



Carthaginians. Zeuxis the painter flourished. 

 396. Antisthenes, called the Cynic philosopher. 

 395. The Athenians, Tliebans, Corinthians, and Ar- 



gives, unite against the Lacedaemonians. 

 394. A sea-tight at Cnidus, between the Persians and 

 Lacedaemonians. The Corinthian war commences. 

 Archytas of Tarentum, the mathematician, ob. 

 after 360. 



393. Argives take possession of Corinth. 



390. The Romans defeated at the battle of Allia by 

 the Gauls, who marched to Rome, and burned it. 



389. Plato's first travels into Sicily, ob. 348, aet. 81. 



388. Dionysius takes Rliegium Philoxcnus the dithy- 

 rambic poet. 



387. Tlu- peace of Antalcidas between the Lacedaemo- 

 nians and Persians. Rome contained 152,583 ef- 

 fective men. Damon and Pythias, the Pythago- 

 rean philosophers and friends. 



385. The Cyprian war finished. 



380. Isaeus of Chalcis, the Athenian orator, ob. about 

 360. 



378. Isocrates the rhetorician, ob. 388, aet. 99. 



S77. The Lacedcemonians defeated in the naval battle 

 at Naxus, Sept. 20. 



376. Artaxerxes makes peace with the Greeks. 



374. The unsuccessful expedition of the Persians under 

 Artaxerxes into Egypt. Philolaus the Pythago- 

 rean philosopher. 



373. A great earthquake in Peloponnesus. A comet 

 appeared in Greece in winter, near Orion. See 

 Lubiniezki. 



372. Diogenes, the Cynic philosopher, ob. 324. aet. 90. 



371. The Lacedaemonians defeated by the Thebans un- 

 der Epaminondas at the battle of Leuctra, July 8. 

 A comet appeared. 



370. The Messenians return to Peloponnesus, after an 

 exile of about 300 years. 



368. Eudoxus brought the sphere from Egypt into 

 Greece, ob. about 352, aet. 53. 



367. The populace at Rome succeed in making one of 

 the consuls a plebeian. The Gauls, who inva- 

 ded the Roman territories, are defeated by Ca- 

 millus. 



365. The Romans renew the custom of fixing the chro- 

 nological nail in the temple of Jupiter, on the 

 13th of Sept. Livy places it in 563. 



363. Epaminondas killed at the battle of Mantinea. 

 Aristippus junior, the Cyrenaic philosopher. 



362. Revolt in Lesser Asia of several Persian governors 

 against Artaxerxes. 



360. Philip defeats the Athenians at Methon. Plato's 

 second voyage into Sicily. 



359. Philip gains a second battle over the Illyrians. 

 Earthquake at Rome, by which M. Curtius is 

 swallowed up. 



357. The second sacred war begins. Dionysius junior 

 expelled Syracuse by Dion. Aristotle observed 

 the moon's transit over Mars, April 4. 



356. A comet appeared. See Hevelius. 



354. Dion put to death. Theopompus of Chios, the 

 orator and historian. A comet appeared, the 

 tail of which was successively elongated. 



353. Philip defeats the Phocians in Thessaly. 



352. Ephorus of Cumae, the historian, flourished. 



351. The Sidonians, besieged by the Persian army, burn 

 their city, and put themselves to death. The 

 monument of Mausoltis erected. 



340. Egypt conquered by Ochus. 



Clironole. 



gy- 



