CHRONOLOGY, 



433 



A. D. 



tiiironolo. 698. Carthage taken by the Saracens, who expel the 

 gy. Romans from Africa. The Picts in Britain em- 



S *""V~~'' brace Christianity. Christianity introduced into 



Friesland. The first prince of Poland elected, 



and Cracow built. 



EISHTH CENTURY. 



703. Justinian seizes Thrace, and marches to Constan- 



tinople. 



704. The Lombards reduced by intestine wars. 



706. The Bulgarians defeated by Justinian. 



707. The Saracens invade the Roman territories. 



709. Ina published the laws of the Saxons about this 



time. 

 711. Philippicus puts Justinian to death. 



713. The Saracens conquer Spain. The Bulgarians ra- 



vage Thrace. 



714. Charles Martel governs all France. 



717. The Saracens unsuccessfully besiege Constantino- 



ple. Charles Martel defeats king Chilperic. 



718. Pelagio founds the kingdom of Asturias. 



719. Boniface propagates Christianity in Germany. 



726. Two edicts for demolishing images in churches. 



727. Ina, king of Wessex, began the tax of Peter's pence. 



729. Two comets appear this year, one before sun-rise, 



the other after sun-set. 



730. The emperor excommunicated by Pope Gregory. 

 732. The Saracens defeated near Tours by Ch. Martel. 



735. Charles Martel occupies Aquitaine. 



736. Leo destroys the images throughout his empire, 



and persecutes the monks. 



737. Joannes Damascenus, ob. 760. 



740. The duchy of Spoletto seized by the Lombards. 

 Leo III. dies, June 18. An earthquake at Con- 

 stantinople, &c. 



7-if?. Fredegaire, the French historian. 



744. The monastery of Fulda in Germany founded. 



746. A pestilence in Europe and Asia for three years. 



748. The computation of years from the birth of Christ 

 begins to be used in histories from this time. 



749- The race of Abbas become caliphs of the Sara- 

 cens, and encourage learning. Many cities in 

 Syria destroyed by an earthquake. 



750. The Merovingian race ends in France. 



751. The second race of the French kings begins. 



752. The Exarchs of Ravenna conquered by the Lom- 



bards. 



753. War between the Lombards and the pope. 



754. Pepin aids the pope with a numerous army. The 



kingdom of Cordova, in Spain, founded. 



755. The temporal dominion of the pope commences. 

 757. The first organ sent by Constantine to France. 



761. A comet appeared at Home, and moved from east 



to west. 



762. Bagdad built by Almansor. The dead first buried 



in towns. 



763. A violent frost begins Oct. 1, and continues about 



150 days. 



766. Armenia and Asia ravaged by the Turks. 



770. Constantine dissolves the Eastern monasteries. 



772. Charlemagne wages war against the Saxons. 



774. The kingdom of the Lombards terminates. 



775. Alcuinus flourished, ob. 804. 



776. Nicephorus banished to the Chersonesus, in con- 



sequence of a conspiracy against Leo IV. The 

 Saxons reduced by Charlemagne. 



778. Battle of Ron$evaux. Learning restored in France 

 by Charlemagne. 



VOL. VI. PAKT II. 



A D. 



781. 



784. 

 767. 



788. 

 790. 

 791. 



Paulus Warnefndus, sirnamed Diacouus, the histo- 

 ob. 801. 



run, 



Charlemagne defeats Wittikind and the Saxor.s. 



The Danes arrive in England. The seventh gene- 

 ral council, or second of Nice, begins Sept. 2-t. 



Pleadings in courts of judicature are instituted. 



An earthquake at Constantinople. 



The Avari defeated in Pannoma by Charlemagne. 

 The Spaniards defeat the Moors with great 

 slaughter. 



792. An academy founded in Paris. Ethelbert murder- 

 ed by Offa. Georgius the chronologer. 

 794. Charlemagne extirpates the Huns. 



796. The pope sends legates to Charlemagne, to request 



him to confirm his election. 



797. Seventeen days of unusual darkness. The Moors 



defeated by Alphonso. Constantine dethroned 

 and his eyes put out by his mother Iren6. 



799. Majorca and Minorca taken by Constantine. 



800. The temporal power of the popes abridged. Charle- 



magne proclaimed emperor of the West. 



NINTH CENTURY. 



801. A great earthquake in France, Germany, and Ita- 



802. Irene banished to Lesbos, Oct. 31. Joannes Da- 



mascenus, about ob. 846. 



807. A large spot was seen on the sun for eight days, 



March 17. 



808. The Normans make their first descent into France. 



810. A civil war between Almamon and Alaminus. 



811. Nicephorus killed by Crannus, king of the Bul- 



garians. Eginhard, the historian, ob. 842, July 

 6th. 



814. Leo orders images to be demolished. 



815. An insurrection in Rome against the pope. 



816. Learning encouraged by Almamon. 



817. Ecclesiastics exempted from military service. Lewis 



divides his kingdom among his children. 



819. A degree of latitude on the plains of Sinjar mea- 



sured by order of Almamon. 



820. Leo V. killed in the temple at Constantinople. 



822. Constantinople besieged by the Saracens ; but the 



Bulgarians raise the siege. 



823. The Saracens of Spain take possession of Crete.. 



and call it Candia. 



826. Harold, king of Denmark, embraces the Christian 



religion, and is dethroned by his subjects. 



827. The Saracens obtain possession of Sicily, Calabria, 



&c. Bernard, count of Barcelona. 



828. The several kingdoms of England united under 



Egbert. The kingdoms of Navarre and Arra- 

 gon founded. Rabanus Maurus, ob. 856. 



829. Missionaries sent from France to Sweden. St 



Mark's at Venice built. 



832. Painters banished from the eastern empire by Theo- 

 philus, on account of his hatred of images. 



837. A comet appears in China and in Europe. See 



ASTRONOMY, p. 814. 



838. Kenneth defeats and extirpates the Picts. A co- 



met appeared in Scorpion on the 31st January in 

 the evening. 



839. A comet appeared in the Ram. 



840. Lewis le Debonnaire dies, aet. 64. A comet ap- 



peared. 



841. Lotharius defeated at the battle of Fontenai. Al- 



bumasar, the Arabian astronomer. 

 841. Theophilus dies. Germany separated from the em- 

 3 i 



87- 



