438 



CHRONOLOGY. 



1Kb'. 

 1227. 





12*1. 



1. '!-.'. 



1 .'<:;. 



1239. 

 1240. 



1241. 

 1242. 



1245. 



1248. 



I -!!. 

 1250. 



1251. 

 1252. 



1253. 

 1254. 



1266. 

 1257. 

 1256. 



1259. 



A. D. 



net appeared in the E*t. John de Sacro- 1260. 

 botco, a mathematician of Halifax, in York- 

 shire, ob. at Paris 1 

 The king of France, &c. leagues against the Al- 



:US. 



A general expeditio: different states of 1263. 



Europe to Palestine. Tin- Tartars, under Zen- 

 ghis-kan, ever-run the empire of the Saracens. 1264. 

 rsity of Thorloutc founded, 

 ity between the Christians and Saracen?. A 

 conspiracy in Sweden. Alexander Ilalensis, b. 



1265. 



Denmark desolated by the plague. The Teutonic 1266. 

 ,,hts subdue Prussia. Several persons mur- 



! in the university of Paris, in consequence 1267. 

 of the disputes about Aristotle. A comet ap- 1268. 

 peared. See ASTRONOMY, p. 814. 



The Almagest of Ptolemy translated into Latin. 



William, bishop of Paris, ob. I'.MS 



The Dominicans entrusted with the Inquisition. 1269. 

 Order of the Knights of the Blessed Virgin in- 

 stituted. 1270. 



Peter de Vignes, chancellor to Fred. II. ob. 1249. 



The Tartars first penetrate into Russia, Poland, &c. 



University of Vienna founded. The Tartars exact 1272. 

 a tribute from the Russians. A comet which 

 moved with great velocity. 



The Guelphs and Giblines continue to desolate 1273. 

 Italy. 



The king of Denmark published a code of an- 

 cient Cimbrian laws. Poland and Hungary in- 1274. 

 vaded by the Tartars. A large comet appeared 

 east of the Pole. 1275. 



The Swedes and Livonians defeated by,the Rus- 1277. 

 sians near Narva. The Hanseatic league form- masons. 



ed. Tin mines discovered in Germany. A co- 1279. 

 met in January, seen 30 days. Matthew Paris, 

 the historian, ob. 1 



A plagde in France, Italy, and Greece. Grostcst, 

 bishop of Lincoln, ob. 1 



Jerusalem taken by the Kharismians, who defeat 1281. 

 the Christians. The order of the Celcslkies in- 1282. 

 stituted. 



The general council of Lyons for renewing the 

 crusades. A large comet appeared. 1283. 



The 5th crusade under Lewis IX. 



Damietla taken by Lewis IX. June 5. 



Lewis taken prisoner in Egypt. Cimabue revives 1285. 

 painting in Florence, ob. 1300. The Sorbonne 

 founded in Paris. 



Wales subdued, and Magna-Charta confirmed. 1286. 



Alphonso of Spain found the sun's apogee in n 

 28 4O". Albertus Magnus, ob. 1280, it. 75. 



The Alphonsine tables published. Linen first 1287. 

 made in England. 



War between Denmark and Sweden. A comet, 1'Jss. 

 seen for several months. St Thomas Aquinas, 1289. 

 ob. 1274. 



A large comet appeared. 1290. 



The order of the Augustines established. 



St Bonaventura, ob. 1274, it. 53. 1291. 



The capture of B igdad by tlit T, rtars terminates 

 the empire of the Saracen*. Treaty of Barce- 

 lona. RepmeoUlivei of 'the commons of Eng- 

 land present t 

 Blair places tb John de Joinville. 1 '.'!*:}. 



Treaty of Abb.-. *,, ii.vack- Poland. 



Nas.ir Eddin, the Persian astronomer an : 

 grapher. I29t. 



Alphonso of Spain orders all public records to be Cbronol*. 

 writttn in the vulgar tongue, not in Latin, and ? 

 publishes the code of laws called IMS Parliilat. '~~ y " 



Constantinople recovered from the Fre ch by the 

 Greek emperors. Roger B icon, o! .78. 



The Hebrides invaded by the Norwegians. Civil 

 wars in England. 



Henry taken prisoner at the battle of Lewes. 

 The deputies of towns and boroughs summoned 

 to parliament. (Playfair.) A comet with a long 

 tail appeared. See Asi HH\OM v, p. 814. 



The battle of Evcsham in England, Aug. 4. 



The battle of Bcneveiito, where Mainfroiis killed, 

 Feb. 26. Peace between Norway and Scotland. 



Police established at Paris about this time. 



Antioch taken by the Mussulmans. Conradin ta- 

 ken at the battle of Celano, in Italy, and after- 

 wards beheaded, Aug. 29th. The Tartars in- 

 vade China. 



Cozah Nasirodni observed the obliquity of the 

 ecliptic to be 23 30'. 



Louis IX. embarks at Aigues-Mortcs for Pales- 

 tine. Bulgaria reduced by the king of Hun- 

 gary. The Scon guard embodied in France. 



The academy of Florence founded. The orders 

 of Mendicants reduced to the Dominicans, Fran- 

 ciscans, Carmelites, and Hermits of St Augustin. 



The empire of Austria begins. Cheouching, in 

 China, observed the obliquity of the ecliptic to 

 be 23 33' 39". 



First treaty of commerce between England and 

 Flanders. 



Durandus, ob. 129G. 



The sultan of Egypt defeats the Tartars near Da- 

 mascus. 



Edward relinquishes his claim upon Normandy. 

 The mortmain act passed in England. Henry 

 of Ghent, ob. 1293, it. 76. 



1280. The Tartars defeated near Emessa by the sultan 

 of Egypt. 



Marienburg built by the Teutonic Knigbts. 



Ten thousand French massacred at the Sicilian 

 vespers, March 20. A great plague in Den- 

 mark. The academy of del la Crusca founded. 



Wales subjugated, and united to England. A 

 new separation between the Latin and Greek 

 churches. Raymond Lully, ob. 1315, it. 80. 



Hungary ravaged by the Tartars. Alphonso of 

 Arragon deprives his uncle of Majorca. Jaco- 

 bus de Voragine, ob. 1298. 



Eric V. king of Denmark, assassinated near Vi- 

 bourg. A comet appeared with its tail to the 

 east. 



A clock at Westminster about this time. The 

 Tartars penetrate into Poland. 



Tripoli taken by the sultan of Babylon. 



A . i . at earthquake in Europe. Albert the ma- 

 thematician and Provencal poet. 



The Jcw> banished from England. University of 

 Lisbon founded. 



Syria conquered by the buhan of Babylon. Com- 

 petition between Bruce and Baliol foi the crown 

 of Scotland. The Turks take Pulcmais. by as- 

 sault. The crusades terminate. John Duns, 

 called Scotus, ob. 1308, set. 43. 



From this year tln-r a, a regular succession of 

 '.miciits in A comet appeared in 



i matter. 



Parliaments established in Paris. 



