CHRONOLOGY. 



439 



A. D. 



Uironolo- 12X. A war between the English and Scotch. An in- 1881. The city of Nice taken and plundered by the Chrouolo 



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gy. tense frost in Denmark. 



"~Y""""' 1297. Edward carries oif the coronation chair, and re- 

 cords of Scotland. 



1298. The Ottoman empire founded. A large comet 

 appeared. 



1299. An earthquake in Germany. A comet appeared ; 



tee ASTROXOMY, p. 814. A monk of Pisa in- 

 vents spectacle*. Boniface VIII. institutes the 

 year of jubilee at Rome. Faenzas earthen ware 

 invented. 



1300. The Ottoman empire begins. Scotland invaded 



by Edward. 



FodiTEENTH CENTURY. 



1301. Philip excommunicated by the pope. A comet 



appeared ; see ASTRONOMY, p. 814. Peter de 

 Abano, ob. 1316, act. 66. 



1302. The Tartars defeated near Damascus by the sul- 



tan of Egypt. The mariners' compass invented 

 (or improved) by Flavio. University of Avig- 

 non founded. 



1 303. Three English armies defeated by the Scots in 



one day, near Roslin. 



1304. A comet visible for three months to the north. 



Dante, ob. 1321, set. 56. 



1306. The Jews banished frum France. Edward invades 



Scotland, which is defended by Bruce. Arnol- 

 dus de Villa Nova, ob. 1340. 



1307. Coals first ustd in England. The Swiss cantons 



established. 



1308. University of Lisbon removed to Coimbra. The 



seat of the popes removed to Avignon for 70 

 years. 



1310. Rhodes taken by the knights of St John, who 

 settle there. 



1312. The council of Vienna abolishes the order of 



knights Templars. University of Orleans found- 

 ed. A comet appeared. Durandus, ob. 1333. 



1313. Mo!ay, the grand majterof the Templars, burned 



alive at Paris, along with several of the knights. 



1314. The cardinals set fire to the conclave, and separate. 



The battle of Bannockburn, in which the Eng- 

 lish are completely beaten by the Scots, July 25. 

 Kilo. Germany afflicted with famine and pestilence. 

 The Srots invade Ireland. A comet appeared 

 in December, near the north pole. 



1316. A comet appeared in February. This comet is 



not mentioned either by Lubiniczki or Hevelius. 



1317. Nicholas de Lyra, ob. 134-0. 



1318. A comet appeared in Cancer. 



Britain. 



1319. University of Dublin founded. 



ob. 1343. 



1320. An earthquake in England. 



Europe. 



1321. A civil war in England. 



1322. The battle of MuMorf, at which Frederick III. 



was taken prisoner. 



1323. A truce of 13 years between the English and 



Scotch. A great eruption of vjf.tna. 



1325. The lirst commercial treaty between England and 



Venice. 



1326. Queen Isabella brings an army into England against 



her h.:sb;md Edward III. 

 27. Edward IJ. deposed by the English parliament. 



1329. Philip deftats the Flemings at the battle of 



Mount C 



1330. Gun-powder invented by a monk of Cologne. 



A great famine in 

 William Occam, 

 Gold coined in 



Turks. The Teutonic knights settle in Prussia. 

 The art of weaving cloth introduced into York 

 by two Brabant weavers. 



1332. Silesia seized upon by the king of Poland. The 



pope charged with heresy. Nicephoras Grego- 

 ras the astronomer and historian, ob. 1350. 



1333. Gibraltar taken by the Moors. The Scots de- 



feated near Berwick, July 1 9. 



1337. Edward III. makes war with France. He sets 



sail with his army July 15. A comet appeared. 

 See ASTRONOMY, p. 814. 



1338. The empire of Germany declared independent of 



the pope. Edward makes war upon France. 



1339. The academy of Pisa established. A comet ap- 



peared. Denmark desolated by war, pestilence, 

 and famine. 



1340. Edward III. defeats the French in a naval battle 



near Helvoetsluys, which leads to a peace of 4 

 years. Copper money lirst used in Scotland and 

 Ireland. 



134'! . The eastern empire usurped by Cantacuzenus for 

 17 years. A comet appeared in =2= in the spring. 

 It was first seen near Spica Virginis, moved 

 through 5 degrees every day, and disappeared 

 near SI,. 



1342. Powder used at the siege of Algiers. Edward's 



expedition to the Continent. The knights and 

 burgesses first assembled together in the same 

 house of the English parliament. 



1343. Leontius Pilatusof Thessalonica, restorer of Greek 



literature in Italy, flourished. 



1344. Macham, an Englishman, discovers the Madeira 



islands. Gold coined in England. Poland in- 

 vaded by the Tartars. 



1346. The battle of Creasy, Aug. 26. The English de- 



feat the Scots, and take David prisoner. 



1347. A comet appeared in August, and was seen two 



months. The plague ravages Europe, and is 

 said to carry oft one-fourth of the inhabitants. 

 The admiralty court instituted. Calais taken by 

 Edward, Aug. 4. A code of laws published in 

 Poland, and the university of Cracow founded. 

 Rien/.i's usurpation at Rome. 



1348. The university of Prague founded. 



1349. The order of the Garter instituted in England, 



April 23. A plague in England, Scotland, and 

 Ireland, and other parts of Europe. 



1350. The Jubilee fixed to every fiftieth year. 



1351. Wire invented at Nuremberg. 



1352. First irruption of the Turks into Europe. 



1353. Africa and Asia desolated by locusts. A comet 



appeared, and moved from north to south. 



1354. Francis Petrarch flourished, ob. 1374, act. 76'. 



1355. A conspiracy at Venice. Boccacio, ob. 1376, 



set. 62. 



1356. Battle of Poitiers, at which the French are de- 



feated, and King John taken prisoner, Sept. 19. 

 An earthquake in Germany. 



1357. Great commotion in France. 



1358. Tamerlane commences his reign in Persia. Trea- 



ty of Calais signed, Oct. 24. 



1359. Treaty of Bretagne, May 8. 



1361. Matthew of Westminster, ob. about 1S80. 



1 3G2. Law pleadings in England carried on in English 

 instead of French. Military order of Janizaries 

 established among the Turks. A comet ap- 

 peared near Venus. 



1 364. Battle of Cocherel, May 6, and of Avrai, Sept. 39. 



