CHRONOLOGY. 



447 



Curonolo. 



gy- 



A. D. 



feated at the first battle of Ncwbury, Sept. 20. 

 The Tartars invade China. The royal academy 

 of painting founded by Louis XIV. Barome- 

 ters invented by Torricelli. The prince of 

 Conde defeats the Spaniards at Rocroy, May 9, 



0. S. Waller's plot in England detected, May 

 31. Nicholas Poussin, ob. 1656, act. 62. 



Jf>44. The Tartars effect a revolution in China. The 

 Imperialists defeated by the Swedes in Bohemia, 

 Feb. 25, O. S. Cromwell defeats Charles I. at 

 Marstonmoor, July 2. Earl of Essex's army 

 surrenders in Cornwall, Sept. 2. The 2d bat- 

 tle of Newbury, Oct. 27. The Duke of Or- 

 leans takes Gravelines, July 18, N. S. Mothe le 

 Vayer, ob. 1671. 



1645. War between the Venetians and Turks. Charles 



1. defeated at Naseby, June 14. Peace between 

 Sweden and Denmark, Aug. 3, O. S. The 

 first code of Russian laws published. Treves 

 taken by Turenne. Duke de Rochefocault, ob. 

 1680, zt. 68. 



1646. A shower of rain, containing great quantities of 



sulphur, fell at Copenhagen. The Venetians 

 defeated by the Turks near Retimo, Oct. 9, 

 O. S. Paul Scarron, ob. 1660. 



1647. A comet appears near Berenice's Hair. Charles I. 



delivered up to the English commissioners by 

 the Scots, Jan. 30. Henry Hammond, ob. 1660, 

 zt. 55. 



1648. The peace of Munster between Holland and Spain, 



Jan. 20, O. S. The Seven United Provinces de- 

 clared independent. The Imperialists defeated 

 by Turenne at Augsburg, April 7, O. S. The 

 prince of Conde defeats the archduke at Leni, 

 Aug. 10, O. S. Peace of Munster between 

 France aud the emperor, Oct. 14, O. S. The 

 p^ace of Osnaburgh between Sweden and the 

 emperor. Thomas Hobbes, ob. 1679, zt. 91. 



1649. King Charles I. beheaded, Jan. 30. an. 49. A 



rivil war in Paris, which is blockaded by the 

 prince of C"nde. A league between Denmark 

 and the United Provinces. Galileo firn applied 

 the pendulum to clocks ; see 1656. Samuel 

 Bochart, ob. 1667. 



1650. Battle of Dunbar, in which the Scots are defeat- 



ed by Cromwell, Sept. 3. Mczeray, ob. 1683, 

 act. 73. 



1651. Battle of Worcester, in which Cromwell defeats 



Charles II. Sept. 3. The Venetians defeat the 

 Turkish fleet near S>.io, June 13, O. S. The 

 Poles defeat 300,000 Tartars, June 20. Dr 

 John Waliis, ob. 1703. zt. 87. Archibald, 

 marquis of Argyle, ob. 1661, aet. 63. 



1652. The war between the English and Dutch begins, 



May 19. Naval battle between the English 

 and Dutch near Plymouth, Aug. 16. Van 

 Tromp defeats the English fleet in the Downs, 

 Nov. 29. A comet appeared ; see ASTRONO- 

 MY, p. 815. The Dutch establish a colony at 

 the Cape of Good Hope. J. Fred. Gronovius, 

 ob. 1671, aet. 58. Chancellor Seguier, ob. 1672, 

 zt. 84. 



1G53. A naval engagement between the English and 

 Dutch on the coast of France, Feb. 18. Crom- 

 well dissolves parliament, April 20. The Eng- 

 lish defeat the Dutch in a ea light on the coast 

 of Flanders, Junt 3. ; and again near the Texel, 

 July 29. Cromwell proclaimed protector, Dec. 



A. D. 



1654. 



1655. 



1656. 



1657, 



1659. 

 1660. 



1661. 



1662. 

 1663. 



1664. 



1665. 



16, ob. 1658, set. 60. Blaise Pascal, ob. 1662, 

 zt. 39. 



Peace between Holland and England, April 5. 

 Air-pump invented by Otto Guericke of Mag- 

 deburg. John Milton, ob. 167-1, zt. 66. Ad- 

 miral Blake, ob. 1657. zt. 59. 



Admiral Penn takes Jamaica, May. 7. Blake de- 

 stroys the Spanish galleons at Santa Cruz. The 

 Venetians defeat the Turks in a naval battle at 

 the Dardanelles, June 11, O. S. Huygens dis- 

 covers the fourth satellite of Saturn, March 25. 

 Peace between England and France, Oct. 25. 

 War between Sweden and Poland. Thomas 

 Bartholin, ob. 1680, zt. 64. 



Treaty between the king of Sweden and the elec- 

 tor of Brandenburg Jan. 11, O. S. England 

 declares war against Spain, Feb. 16. The Poles 

 defeated by the Swedes in three battles at War- 

 saw, July 18, 19, and 20, O S. Pendulums 

 said to have been applied to clocks by Froman- 

 til ; see 1649- Edmund Waller, ob. 1687, zt. 

 82. Marshal Turenne, ob. 1675, zt. 64. 



War between Denmark and Sweden. A treaty 

 between the king of Poland and the elector of 

 Brandenburg, Sept. 9, O. S. Peter Corneille, 

 ob. 1684, zt. 78. 



A shower of sulphur fell in the duchy of Mans- 

 field. Turenne defeats the Spaniards, and takes 

 Dunkirk, June 17. Dunkirk delivered to the 

 English. Hookes' watch with a balance-spring 

 invented. J. Baptista Poquelin Moliere, ob. 

 1672. Admiral de Ruyter, ob. 1676, zt. 60. 



Peace of the Pyrenees between France and Spain, 

 Oct. 28, O. S. Du Cange, ob. 1685, zt. 58. 



Peace between Denmark and Sweden, March 17, 

 O. S. The restoration of Charles II. May 29. 

 Peace between Sweden, Poland, and the empire, 

 May 3. The king of Denmark declared abso- 

 lute, and the throne hereditary, Oct. 13. O. S. 

 Algernon Sydney, ob. 1683, zt 66. General 

 Monk, duke of Albemarle, ob. 1670, zt. 62. 



A treaty between th> Portuguese and Dutch. A 

 treaty of commerce between Great Britain and 

 Sweden, Oct. 21. The Portuguese cede Bom- 

 bay to England. A comet appeared ; see AS- 

 TRONOMY, p. 815. Franking letters began ; 

 abridged in 17<}4 and 1775. Sir John Mar- 

 sham, ;.b. 1685, zt. 83. 



The Royal Society established, July 15. Dun- 

 kirk restored to the French. Samuel Butler, 

 ob. 1680, zt. 68 



Two meteoric stones, one weighing 200 and the 

 other 300 pounds, fell at Verona. Gregorian 

 telescope invented before thi-.. The Royal Aca- 

 demy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres establish- 

 ed. The Spaniards defeated by the Portuguese 

 near Evora. Prussia declared independent on 

 Poland. Charles le Brun, ob. 1690, zt. 71. 



War between the English and Dutch. Treaty 

 of Pisa between the king of France and the 

 pope, Feb. 2, O. S. The French defeat the 

 Turks in Hungary, July 22. Observatory at 

 Paris founded. Battle of St Godard, July 22. 

 The AcacSmy for Sculpture established in 

 France, Aug. 31. A comet appeared ; see 

 ASTRONOMY, p. 815. Lewis Maimbourg, ob. 

 1686, zt. 77. 



War between England and France. A comet 

 2 



Chronolo- 

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