C I L 



474 



C I N 



CJieia. independent*, and the country of iu name, which, from 

 ~~~f^*' its conqueror, wu now denominated Cilicia. Several 

 bands both from Greece and Syria, afterwards imiuted 

 thit example, ami, settling in the same country, were 

 blended with the ancient inhabitants. The names of the 

 kmrt who succeeded Cilix, and the actions which they 

 performed, cannot arrest our attention, till the country 

 willingly yielded to the power of Cyprus, and its sove- 

 reigns resigned their independence to the Persian court. 

 ..t, however, enjoyed the shadow of royalty, till the 

 reign of Artaxenea Mnemon, who stript it of its tribu- 

 tary king!, reduced it to a province of the Persian em- 

 pire, ami in this state of degradation it remained, till the 

 Fenian empire was extinguished by Alexander. At the 

 death of that monarch, Cilicia became a part of the do- 

 minion) of Srleucus under whose descendants it remained, 

 till it was subjected to the Romans, by the arms of Pom- 

 pey. It was, however, under the proconsulship of Cicero 

 that the country was completely subdued, and was form- 

 ed into two divisions ; the eastern part being denominated 

 Cilicia Campestris, and the western Cilicia Aspera. The 

 Romans, with their accustomed policy, claimed the for- 

 mer, which was by far the most valuable, as a province ; 

 bat allowed the latter to boast of its own kings, who 

 v.ere, however, dependent upon the senate. But Vespa- 

 sian deprived _evcn this division of the last appearance of 

 independence, and divided again the whole region into 

 Ciliria Prima, formerly distinguished by the epithet Cam- 

 pe&tris. Cilicia Secmida, comprehending the maritime 

 part of what was before denominated Aspera, and Isau- 

 ria, which included the interior of the same district. In 

 this state it remained, till the Roman territory was di- 

 vided under Honorius and Arcadius, when Cilicia natu- 

 rally followed the fortunes of the eastern empire. When 

 the eastern empire proved, at last, unable to preserve its 

 boundaries from violation, Cilicia was torn from it by its 

 bold invader*, and, after experiencing all the vicissitudes 

 which have since agitated Asia Minor, it now forms a 

 part of the extensive province of Caramania. 



The whole region of Cilicia was surrounded by rocky 

 and precipitous mountains, which defended it like a wall, 

 and left it accessible only by three narrow passes, em- 

 phatically called the gates of Cilicia, one leading from 

 , a second by mount Amanus, and a third by mount 

 Taurus. The eastern division, formerly denominated Ci- 

 licia Campestris, was, as the name imports, a level and a 

 beautiful country, abounding in fruits and grain. The 

 western division, called Cilicia Aspera, or Tracbza, was 

 rough, stony, and mountainous, but compensated for its 

 sterility, by producing excellent horses, which are still 

 in great repute. The air, in the interior, is favourable to 

 health and longevity ; but on the sea-coast diseases, of a 

 dangerous nature, frequently prevail. The principal ri- 

 vers which fcrtili/.e Cilicia, as they roll to the Mediterra- 

 nean, are the Selinus, the Calycadmus, the Lamus, the 

 Cydnus, the Scrus, the Pyramus, and the Pinanis. The 

 metropolis of this dynasty was Tarsus, now Tarasso, 

 tuated upon the Cydnus, and celebrated, in ancient 

 time*, ad the rival of Athens and Alexandria, in every de- 

 partment of art and of science ; and still venerable as the 

 birth place of St Paul, who, when fame shall be confer- 

 red M proportion to the blessings of knowledge, of civi- 

 lization, and of happiness, which the world has received 

 from its benefactor*, shall be accounted the first of hu- 

 man characters. It would be inconsistent with our plan 

 to enumerate all thr cities of thit region, which are men- 

 tioned in ancient hibtory : we may add, however, that 

 . built upon the sea-coast by the Greeks and Rho- 

 diani, who, mixing together, bit the purity of their na- 



tive languages, is said to have given occasion to the term 

 ioiecitm, which is still applied to an impropriety of ex- 

 pression. Anazarbum, situated un the Pyramus, was the 

 native city of Dioscorides : Issus, now Aisse, on the bor- 

 ders of Syria, was famous for the battle of that name, 

 fought between Alexander and Darius, and for the defeat 

 of Niger by Severus : And Sarpedon is well known by 

 the famous temple which it contained, consecrated to 

 Apollo and Diana. (N) 



CIMBRI. See GERMANY. 



CIMEX. See ENTOMOLOGY. 



C1MICIFUGA, a genus of plants of the class Poly- 

 andria, and order Tetragynia. See BOTANY, p. '238. 



CIMMERII. See SCYTHIA. 



CIMON. See ATHENS, p. 24. 



CINALOA, or SINALOA, a province on the western 

 coast of New Spain, in the intendancy of Sonora ; ex- 

 tends from the Rio del Rosario, to the Rio del Fuerte. 

 It contains five towns, 92 villages, SO parishes, 14 farms, 

 and 450 cottages. In 1793, the number of tributary 

 Indians amounted to 1851. The following arc the prin- 

 cipal towns of the province, viz. 



Luliacan, formerly Hueicolhuacan. Population, 10,80O. 



(.'m'jloa, or the Villa de San Felipe y Santiago. Po- 

 pulation 9500. W. Long. 107 56'. and N. Lat. 25 

 57'. 



St Rosario, situated near the rich mines of Copala. 

 Population 5600. 



I'illa del Faerie, or Montesclaros. Population 7900. 



Los Alamos, which is the residence of a disputation '- 

 Mineria. Population 7900. 



The statistical account of this province will be given, 

 with more propriety, under the article SONORA. (u>) 



CINCHONA, or, as it is commonly called, Peruvian 

 Bark, ia obtained from several species of the genus Cin- 

 chona, which belongs to the class Pentandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia, and to the natural order Contortte. Twenty- 

 five species have been described by the Spanish botanists 

 as natives both of North and South America. Our ob- 

 servations, from the imperfect nature of the information 

 which we possess, must be confined to the genus, and 

 must not extend to the species. The cinchona is a tree 

 which is found only in mountainous tracts, where it 

 grows to the thickness of a man's body. The Spa- 

 niards have never yet attempted to cultivate it, but merely 

 strip the natural trees of their bark ; a practice which 

 must ultimately destroy the genus, as they always die af- 

 ter being deprived of their bark. This operation is per- 

 formed in the dry season, which is from September till 

 November. The bark being well dried in the eun, is 

 packed up in skins, so as to form bundles of one hun- 

 dred, or one hundred and fifty pounds weight. These 

 packages are called Lerdone by the Spaniards : they 

 contain all the species, which are afterwards sorted ac- 

 cording to their quality. 



Three kinds of bark are in use as a medicine in Eu 

 rope. Of each of these we shall give a brief account, 

 and afterwards conclude with a statement of the modes 

 of preparation most commonly employed. The follow- 

 ing are the varieties enumerated by the Edinburgh Col- 

 lege. 



1. Common bark. 

 2. Yellow bark. 

 3. Red bark. 



1. Common bark. Several varieties of this species of 

 bark are brought to Europe ; the quilled variety from 

 Loxa, and the flat from Guanaxo, are the most remarka- 

 ble. The former of these comes over in pieces four or 

 five inchc* long, rolled up very thin, externally of a grey- 



