fiOO 



CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. 



Fluting*. 



PLATE 



CLXXXIII 



rig. 3. 



Vnctict. ment AOPG of* circle, proportionably lcs than a se- 

 """~. """' micircle, at the swell is intended to be leu ; draw NP 

 parallel to FE ; divide the arc GP into any number of 

 equal parts, and divide the altitude EF into the tame 

 number of equal parli : through the points of diviiion 

 draw the lines a It, f> i, ck, ill, em, parallel to AG ; also 

 draw G 1 h, 2 ', 3 L; 4 /, 5m, PN, perpendicular to 

 A ; then through the points G, h, i, k, I, m, N, draw a 

 curve, which will be the contour required. 



To deteribf thejtutts of a column rrithoiit Jtllett, Fig. 

 3. Let AB, No. 1. be the diameter, which bisect in G; 

 draw AD and BC perpendicular to AB, and describe 

 the semicircle AEFB ; draw DC to touch the circle, 

 and DEC and CFG to the centre G i divide the arc EF 

 into fire equal parts, and run the same part on the arcs 

 EA and FB, so that the whole will be divided into nine 

 equal parts, and two half parts at each extremity ; then 

 the points of division will mark the arris of the flutes. 

 Their concavity will be found by an arc described from 

 the summit of an equilateral triangle. The fluting at 

 the upper end of the shaft, shown in the concentric cir- 

 cle, is described in the same manner. No. 2. represents 

 the bottom elevation, and No. 3. the top elevation of the 

 shaft, as drawn from the section. 



To describe JhUes with fillets on the shaft of a column, 

 Fig. 4. Supposing every thing is done as in Fig. 3. be- 

 fore the division of the circle. Divide EF into six equal 

 parts, and run the chord upon the arc* EA and FB, 

 each of which will contain it three times, so that the 

 whole semicircumference will be divided into twelve 

 equal parts, the points of division marking the centres of 

 the flutes : divide the chord of one of these email arcs in- 

 to five equal parts ; then with three of these parts as a 

 radius, from each of the aforesaid centres describe a se- 

 micircle, which will be that representing the section of 

 the flute. Those of the interior circle representing the 

 top of the shaft, are found by drawing the lines to the 

 centre, as appears sufficiently by the figure. No. 2. the 

 elevation of the fluting at the bottom of the shaft, as in 

 the temple of Vesta at Rome. No. 3. the elevation of 

 the fluting, as in the temple of Bacchus at Teos. No. 4. 

 and 5. the common way in which the flutings of columns 

 are terminated at the bottom and top of the shaft. 



Of the Doric Order. 



This is the most ancient of the three orders, (see 

 Plate CLVIII.) and, while employed by the Greeks, 

 was without a base ; the surface of its shaft is usually 

 found worked into twenty very flat flutes, meeting each 



No. i. 

 No. s. 



Fig. 4. 



No. 2. 



No. 3. 

 No. 1. 5. 



Doric or- 

 der. 

 PLATE 

 CLYIII. 



other at an edge, which is sometimes a little rounded ; 

 the upper member of the capital is a square abacus or 

 thin plinth, under which is a large and elegantly formed 

 ovolo, with a great projection ; immediately under the 

 ovolo, there are three hllets or annulets which project 

 from the continued line of the under part of the ovolo, 

 and have equally recessed spaces betwixt them ; the flu- 

 tings of the column are terminated by the under side of 

 the last of these fillets, and either partly or entirely in a 

 plain surface at right angles with the axis of the column. 



The architrave is composed of one vertical face, with 

 a baud or fillet at its upper edge ; to the under side of 

 this band arc suspended a small fillet and conical drops 

 or guttx, which, for their position, are dependent upon 

 the ordnance of the frieze. 



The frieze consists of rectangular projections and re- 

 cesses placed alternately. The height of each projection or 

 tablet is rather more than its breadth. The recesses are 

 cither perfectly or nearly square. The tablets are each 

 cut vertically into two angular channels, with two half 

 ones on the extreme edges j each channel is formed by 

 two planes meeting at its bottom at a right angle, and 

 each forming an angle of 135 degrees with the face of 

 the tablet. The upper ends of the channels arc terminated 

 in various forms ; the tablets are, from their channelling! 

 named Triglyphs; in a direction immediately under each 

 trijrlyph, ana equal to its breadth, a small fillet is attach- 

 ed to the lower side of the architrave crowning band, and 

 from it depend six guttae or drops, which are generally 

 the frusta of cones with their bases downwards, though 

 they are sometimes of a cylindrical shape. The square 

 spaces in the frieze between the triglyphs, are named 

 Metopes, and are frequently decorated with sculptures. 



The cornice is strongly marked by a corona of great 

 projection, forming a very distinct separation between its 

 upper and lower parts; and by having, below the corona, 

 and immediately over the triglyphs, blocks named Mu- 

 tules, which also project considerably, and have the plane 

 of their soffits with an inclination from their roofs to- 

 wards the horizon, and these have likewise guttx or 

 drops depending from their soffits. 



That the proportion which the different members of 

 the Doric order bore to each other were practised by the 

 Greeks with considerable latitude, will be evident from 

 the following Tables, which exhibit the dimensions of 

 the principal parts of this order in all the ancient Greek 

 edifices which have been examined with accuracy. The 

 dimensions here put down are in feet, inches, and deci- 

 mal parts. 



Practice. 



DeuilcJ 

 dwcrip- 



luiii. 



Shaft and 

 capital. 



ArcLi. 

 trarr. 



Friezf. 



Cornice* 





