CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. 



Th:, in Stuart* t /Mound the T tiicn .'nlujai- 



i the 



exception of t 1 



meui, where the hcad of the ^ * 



r.itcd by planet parallel with the ' ''^e miJdle 



part of t!ie headt, in all the purest examples is hori- 



I plane, anj the surface of t!. -d, so 



as to form at:. ' the intermediate, plane, and 



- :;i with the inter. 

 :al plane of tin- ,;!} ph. Each semi- 

 by two semi-cylindrical surfaces, 

 iJicu'ar to each rc- 

 nj then!>v f.umitiij a aerr.i cyiindric 

 i angle above the cmi- 

 cpistyle or archi- 



e the a: 

 of oc 



glyph 



the axis of c 



turn t : 



grain, ai 



glyph. The 



trave is equal to the superior diameter 01 the column, 



thouj; 'aes a little more or less; the height of 



the zophortif or friex.c is equal to that of the epistyle ; 



the mean breadth of the triglyph tablet is equal to half 



the inferior Ji.-ur.etcr of the col imn ; the mean height of 



the cornice is half the diameter | so that the architrave, 



frieze, and con: 



numbers 3,3,'and '1. iMho who!., entablature is divided 



into 8, the breadth of the triglyph is two of these 



parts. 



In all example* of this o-iur, except the temple of 

 Apollo at ". hfxjstyie temple a , the 



portico of Philip king of Macejon, and the Doric pur- 

 : . the faciAii' th.- '.ablet, and that 



of the epistyle or architrave, are in one vertical ; 

 to that the fillet named regula, and the gutta under the 

 cup of the epistyle, bein ' regulated by the breadth of 

 the triglyph, will, at each external angle, only touch at 

 their internal points, and leave a void space at the exter- 

 nal angle of the epistyle cups. This is exemplified in 

 the temples of Minerva, Theseu, and the propylca at 

 Athens; the temple of Minerva at Sunium ; Jupiter 

 Nemcus, Jupiter Pannellenius, Minerva at Syracuse ; 

 Concord at Agrigentum ; the hypethral temple at P^3- 

 tum, and also of Silenus and Jupiter at the same place. 

 And where the face of the epistyle, and that of the tri- 

 glyph tablet, are in one vertical plane, the guttx will be 

 six in number under each regula, at every external an^le 

 or return, that is, making twelve on the two sides. In 

 the Doric portico at Athens, the temple of Apollo at 

 Delos, and the hexastyle temple at Parstum, the face of 

 the metopes and that of the epistyle are in one vertical 

 plane. The triglyphs, regula, and guttx, project from 

 the plane of the epistyle, and at the returns meet at the 

 external angles ; and though the guttx appear six on 

 each face, yet the guttx at the angle being common to 

 both faces, the whole make only eleven. 



In the cornice, the corona forms the most prominent 

 feature in the temple of Concord at Agrigentum, and of 

 Jupiter at Silenus. In.tead of having the crowning ovo- 

 lo, the cornice terminates with a face receding within 

 the corona. This is so contrary to usual practice and 

 propriety, that we are led to suspect, that a defect in 

 the stonej, which formed the upper division of the cor- 

 :r.ay have been supplied by having an ovolo fixed 

 . reccn. In every specimen of pure Doric, the 

 ce has mulules. In examples to be found in Sicily, 

 The drops from the soffit of the mutules, are cylinders of 

 . diameter ; but in all the best exam- 

 , they are not more than half thtir diameter in 

 1 in tome instances considerably less. In the 

 !e of Tue*eu, the drops are fiu. turns of cones ; but., 



in the same specimens, those under the rejruls upon the P* 



le have b''th n concave and convex flexure. '*". "^ 



Tiie 



has th ' into 1-oflen ; but. in this specimen, 



it is only t lix-h l-:ir .my nlTi- 



tiity to the Greek Doric ; and even on the capi; 

 place of annulets, tht- re is a row of delicate leaves crushed 

 n two astragals ; and the ti ijjlyph beinp 

 at the returning angle, they are over the i 

 of the columns ; so that this specimen partakes more of 

 the degenerate Roman than the pure Gr 



vetitigau-d what relates to ihc primary and 



secondary divisions of this order, and also nutc'l the p- 



i and rclati\'e proportions of the leading features, 



-hall add a farther statement i ilumns, 



founded upon Table I. In this additional Table, the 



diameter at the base is considered the same in nil, vi-/.. 



unity. The whole numbers represent diameter:;. The 



figures to the right hand of the point are decimal parts 



of the diumeter. The examples are arranged increasing 



in altitude. 



. From this Table it is evident, that the ancients did obserra- 

 not scrupulously adhere to any precise proportions in lions upo 

 their columns for different edifices; but not knowing tlic lable. 

 the dates of the construction of the several specimens, 

 we are unable to determine whether these differences 

 existed at the same time, or succeeded each other in con- 

 sequence of a change of taste. It may also be observed, 

 that, of seventeen examples, the upper diameters of six 

 are less than three-fourths, and eleven greater. The 

 diminution of the superior diameter in the temple of 

 Theseus is .77'.2, which is something less than a mean 

 between three-fourths and four-fifths: the half sum of 

 these fractions being .775. This example of the temple 

 of Theseus is one of the best of the Greek Doric, and 

 may be taken an a rule ; or in practice, to make the su- 

 perior diameter three-fourths of the inferior, is still 

 more simple, and sufficiently correct. 



In every Greek Doric, the vertical face of the epi- 

 style or architrave projects beyond the superior diame- 

 ter, but is within the inferior one. 



In the temple of Theseus, the height of the abacus is 

 nearly one-fittli of the diameter, and the ovolo and an- 

 nulets together are very nearly equal to the abacus. The 

 height of the annulets is very nearlv one-fifth of the 

 volo. The horizontal dimension of the abacus extends, 



