638 



CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. 



Church del Gesu (of which his part is good.) 

 ' The palice of Caprarola, about 30 mi!c from Rome, 

 (hi. greatest work.) He also designed the Escurial 

 in Spain. 

 He wrote a Treatise on the Five Orders, published at 



Venice, in 1570. 

 He conducted the Canale del Naviglio into Bologna. 



ANDFIIA PALLADIO, bora 1508, died 1580. 



The public palace at Udine, (at 22 years of age.) 

 Portico inclosing three sides of the Hall of Justice at Vi- 

 cenza (about the same time.) 



Front of the great church of St Petronio at Bologna. 

 Public palace of Brescia. 

 Olympic theatre at Vicenza, begun 158, (his greatest 



work.) 



Church of S. Giorgio Maggiore, Refectory and Mo- 

 nastery. 

 Front of the monastery of S. Francesco della Vigna 5 



del Redemptore, &c. 

 Repairs at the ducal palace at Venice. 

 At Vicenza, Santa Maria Nuova ; Palazza Prefette- 

 zio ; facade of the Palazzo Tornieri ; that of the Pal. 

 del Conti L. Schio. 



And in his published works may be seen a description of 

 nine town houses, and 24 country viftas, many of them 

 very commodious and magnificent. We have, in Plate 

 CLXXVH. CLXXVII. given plans of a town house, one in the su- 

 burb*, and one of a fine villa in the country, all from 

 this excellent master. There specimens, by their exten- 

 sive and airy colonnades and porticos, are evidently better 

 calculated for an Italian than a British climate, but their 

 general distribution is deserving of attention, and the 

 whole are expressive of the manner of the age, country, 

 and architect. 



VINCBSZO SCAMOZZI, born 1552, died l6l(i.- 



At Venice, the deposit of the Doge Niccolo da 'ro..te, 



in the church Sa. Maria della Carita. 

 Museum to the Library of St Mark. 

 Continuation of the Procuratie Nuove in the 



Piazza of St Mark. 



The palace Cornaro, on the great canal, inclu- 

 ding the magnificent court. 

 Vicenza, the palace Trisino, now Trento. 

 Florence, the second story of the palace Strozzi. 

 Genoa, Palazza Ravaschieri, of three stories, Rustic, 



Ionic, Corinthian. 

 Sabonietta, in the Mantuan, a theatre after the ancient 



model. 

 Saltzburg, the cathedral. 



Six of his books on architecture were published in 

 1615, viz. 1,2, 3, 6, 7, 8. 



From the foregoing statement, which includes only 

 the works of the most celebrated Italian architects, it 

 will be readily perceived with what ardour architecture 

 had been pursued ; and when to these are joined the an- 

 cient work* still existing, it will be evident what a rich 

 field of study Italy must prove for the zealous artist ; 

 since Rome, Florence, Venice, Vicenza, Mantua, Ge- 

 noa, Verona, Padua, Bologna, Piacenza, Ferrara, with 

 their adjacent country .residences, all exhibit splendid 

 specimens of architecture. 



Practice of We have leu regret in leaving this justly celebrated 

 arcbitec- peninsula, by having next to proceed with the practice 

 re in Bri- o f another country, still more important amongst mo- 

 dern nations that it Britain. 



Practice. 



Although later in point of time than some other ;pe< 

 cimens we shall adduce, yet, in order to pmeive the "*" 

 progress of domestic architecture more entire, we shall 

 first give a specimen of public buildings ; and have, for 

 this purpose, selected St Paul's cathedral, which was St 

 erected in London from a design and under the direction 1 ndon. 

 of Sir Christopher Wreu. In Plate CLXXIV. the p L T 

 plan and elevation arc drawn to the same scale as St Pe- CI.XKIV. 

 ter's at Rome. This comparison renders the disparity in 

 size -very conspicuous ; but when it is considered, that 

 the Italian temple was constructed at the joint expence 

 of all the richest countries in Europe, and that the Eng- 

 lish temple was built at the expence of that nation alone, 

 arid immediately after the city had been destroyed by the 

 great fire in l66l>, its magnitude will appear not a little 

 surprising. In taste and scientific skill, the architect 

 was fully equal to any of his predecessors in this school; 

 but the funds being limited, and materials of large di- 

 mensions not easily procured, he was prevented from 

 adopting his favourite design, and obliged to substitute 

 one in which the individual members were more minute. 



In the plan of the building, as executed, the dome r g t p _.(, 

 placed nearly in the middle of the length of the nave, or compared 

 middle aisle ; and as the terminations of the transept are with St 

 square, the shape of the cross is not only internally dif- Velfr ' k 

 ferent from that in St Peter's, but is externally more 

 distinctly defined. In St Peter's, the length of the mid- 

 dle aisle, from the western entrance to the extremity of 

 the choir, is only about eight times its width. In St 

 Paul's it is above eleven times, which adds much to the 

 imposing effect of the internal perspective. The breadth 

 of the side aisles in St Paul's, bears a greater proportion 

 to that of the middle one ; and the form is more dis- 

 tinctly continued through the whole length of the edi- 

 fice than in St Peter's. The piers which support the 

 dome, are, in St Paul's, well disposed to afford stabili- 

 ty, without too much crowding the space on the pave- 

 ment. Immediately under the dome, a greater degree 

 of simplicity would have been preserved, if the entire 

 order had, as in the original design, reached sufficient- 

 ly high to receive the whispering gallery upon the en- 

 tablature, instead of resting, as it now does, upon large 

 arches and their spandrels. Externally, the height of 

 St Paul's is greater, in proportion to its breadth, than 

 St Peter's, but not so much as materially to lessen the 

 idea of stability, which is also well preserved by the 

 square terminations of the projecting part of the tran- 

 septs. This relative proportion creates a greater de- 

 gree of apparent elevation, than if the edifice had more 

 breadth. The dome is elegantly shaped ; and the pe- 

 destal, or neck, upon which it immediately rests, be- 

 ing considerably raised, is the means of shewing the 

 dome to advantage ; while the order which supports 

 this neck, having its columns distributed at equal dis- 

 tances, and well relieved, and having its entablature con- 

 tinued quite round, without any break, presents a fea- 

 ture which far surpasses that of any other structure of 

 the kind. The dome has also its simplicity well pre- 

 served, by being clear of those pitiful small windows 

 which disgrace St Peter's. A radical defect in St Paul's, 

 is its having two orders in the height of the eleva- 

 tion, by which the simplicity and grandeur of the ge- 

 neral effect are much diminished ; but in the western 

 facade, the upper and lower porticos, occupying a con- 

 siderable proportion of the breadth, being also well iso- 

 lated, and having a pediment enriched with sculptures 

 extended over eight columns, produce, altogether, an 

 imposing effect. The manner in which the turrets are 

 constructed and finished, has little claim to commenda- 

 tion. The smallness and varied shape of the windows 



