CIVIL ARCHITECT THE. 



\v IH 



nimcn- 



(food effect. With regard to the interior, the apart - 

 ' "* menu are too narrow for their length?, thereby much te- 

 irmbhiig galleries : their being thorough fares is alto very 

 object tc n able. 



U U.TOS, the seat of the Erl of Pembroke, was be- 

 gun by Inigo Jones, in 1640. The garden front extends 

 194 feet. It consists of one row of large windows, with 

 square attics over them, and small ones in the basement 

 below : these latter have segment tops, and clumsy arch 

 (tones. All the other windows have architraves and flat 

 entablature, except those in the turrets, which are at the 

 extremities, which have pointed pediments over the prin- 

 cipal windows. The turret* rise higher than the rest of 

 the building, and have each a circular pediment over a 

 window in this part. Between the turrets, an entablature 

 with inodillions passes unbroken. This, with the plain 

 ground, or face of the building, has a good effect. Upon 

 this entablature there is a parapet, with balusters, which 

 hides the roof. The entrance door has coupled Ionic 

 pilasters, with an arch like that over the middle of a Ve- 

 netian window. On each side of this is a figure in a re- 

 clined posture, holding a small medallion of the family 

 arms betwixt them. The plan, consisting of single apart- 

 ments encompassing a court 105 X 115, renders the access 

 inconvenient. 



The great dining room is 60 X 30 X 30 ; the ceiling ii 

 coved, the coved part plain, but the flat part is thrown 

 into compartments twelve inches in depth, encompassed 

 with enriched mouldings. A modillion cornice, with an 

 enriched frieze, passes round the room ; the architrave has 

 only one member enriched ; the whole depth of the en- 

 tablature is three feet four inches, or $ of the upright 

 part of the room. The panne lied dado occupies ano- 

 ther {-, and the remainder is thrown into pannels which 

 have a full length figure painted in each, and between 

 these pannels are heavy stucco ornaments. The cove oc- 

 cupies J of the whole height, or ten feet. In the chim- 

 ney piece the opening has an architrave round it, an en- 

 riched truss on each side, an entablature with a plain 

 lab in the middle. On each side of this stands a full 

 length figure, holding a cornucopia, &c. and behind 

 these figures there arc two small Corinthian pilasters ; 

 upon this entablature is an open scroll pediment, and the 

 family arms, which reach to the great modillion cornice. 

 The middle door, at the end, has Corinthian columns, 

 an open pediment, and arms, &c. over it. This descrip- 

 tion will convey an idea of the manner adopted by this 

 architect, in finishing a magnificent apartment. 



About half a century afterwards, a similar progress 

 was made in Scotland ; for Hopeton House, on the 

 bank of the Forth, was begun in 1698, from a design 

 by Sir William Bruce. The main building consists of a 

 low basement, and two stories ; the two principal stories 

 have their windows of nearly an equal height, the low- 

 er windows have a level cornice, the upper a narrow ar- 

 chitrave only round them ; the colonnade which unites 

 the main building and wings is convex. The hall in the 

 east front is 34 X 25, that to the west 28 X 25 ; there is 

 one apartment 31 x21, another 23 x 19 ; one bed-room 

 21 X 18, and an octagonal stair 18 X 16. 



About the sam time Mtlville house, the seat of the 

 Earl of Leven, was erected by Mr James Smith, viz. in 

 1692. It consists of two principal stories, a basement, 

 and attic ; the two middle rows of windows are nearly of 

 the same height, viz. 9x3.3 feet; the whole front is 

 Its between the windows, rustic quoins, 

 and small look columns, -' d a circular pediment over 

 the entrance dour ; the roof is deep, with ull chimney 

 top* ; the hall or saloon 45 X -If smaller ditto, besides 



Hnpeton 

 Hoiuc. 



Melville 

 Iluiue. 



stair, 24.6x17.6; suircane 26x24; two apartments 

 'J.<X'3) ; and tw.> '."J x 



In ljSl, Cliatsworth, the seat of the Duke of Devon- 

 hire, in Derbyshire, was begun by Mr Taiman. The 

 western front is elevated upon a line terrace, which is 

 ornamented with a range ot rusticated columns, having 

 pamifls between them, and protected on the top by an 

 iron railing. The basement of the building is rustica- 

 ted ; there are four Ionic columns in the central part, 

 and four pilasters on each side of them ; these are 39 feet 

 high, and include two stories ; the windows arc rectan. 

 gular, but deformed with clumsy key-stones ; there is a 

 pediment upon the before mentioned columns ; upon the 

 entablature there in a high plinth and parapet, with ba- 

 lusters and vases. In the southern front the basement 

 is rusticated ; there are four Ionic pilasters at each ex- 

 tremity, but none in the middle ; the windows are rect- 

 angular with clumsy key-stones. In the principal sto- 

 ry, which is 18 feet high, there is a hall 74 X 30 ; a gal- 

 lery 90X22; a library 50x25; another apartment 

 40x23; a bcd-room 23x22; a chapel 50x26; and 

 a staircase 30 X 22 ; the passages are 1 1 feet wide. 

 The interior square which the buildings encompass it 

 96 X 75. From the size of these apartments it will be 

 seen that this mansion is upon an extensive scale, and 

 from the western front being elevated on so fine a ter- 

 race, its external appearance is magnificent and com- 

 manding. In works of great grandeur, a terrace, judici- 

 ally managed, always confers dignity, and is, besides, the 

 means of obtaining commodious access to the domestic 

 offices in the lower story. 



Before we take leave of the 17th century, we shall 

 give a short description of Montague-house, now the 

 British Museum in London : Being on the model of a 

 French palace, it is a specimen of the architecture then 

 practised in that country. It was built in 1678, under 

 the direction of Monsieur Pouget, a native of Marseilles, 

 brought to England on purpose by the first Duke of 

 Montague ; the plan and elevation will be found in 

 Plate CLXXXI. The buildings surround three sides 

 of a court, which is 165x155 feet; on the side next 

 the street is a high brick wall, having its external face 

 worked in pannels, having also an entablature worked 

 in brick ; in the middle of its length is an arched gate- 

 way with Ionic pilasters and a pediment, standing be- 

 tween two small porters lodges, which project outward 

 before the face of the wall ; over this gateway is a cupo- 

 la with a Saracenic dome ; at the distance of 16 feet 

 from the inside of this wall, a row of Ionic columns sup- 

 ports a roof and forms a portico, which reaches between 

 the wings ; these wings, on each side of the court, are 

 composed of a range of narrow buildings one story high, 

 which contain stables and various small apartments for 

 domestics ; on the right hand side is a carriage way 

 from the court ; towards the street these wings termi- 

 nate in turrets rising above the outer wall, with deep 

 curved roofs, ending in narrow points. The fourth side 

 of the court is occupied by the main building, whose 

 extreme length over the walls is 216 feet, its breadth 64 

 feet ; along the whole length it is divided by a brick 

 wall running nearly in the middle of its width ; and, with 

 the exception of the great staircase, the whole is subdi- 

 vided by walls passing quite across in a right line be- 

 tween the outside walls, by that means forming the 

 apartments on each side of the middle walls of nearly 

 equal dimensions ; the staircase, in its length, occupies 

 the space of two apartments. Nothing can exceed the 

 simplicity of this arrangement, but it unavoidably sub- 

 jects all the apartments to be thoroughfares, which, 



Practice. 

 *~~ . ~^"^ 

 Chan. 

 worth. 



Descrip- 

 tion. 



Dimeo. 

 ions. 



Montigue 

 house, or 



Brin-li 

 Museum, 



resembles a 

 French pa. 

 lice. 



PLATE 

 CLXXXf. 



Dejcrip- 

 tion. 



