G53 



CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. 



In. 



PLTI 

 CI.XVL 



Fig. I. 



I if. S. 



tTLXVIL 



r.. i. 



a large vault, employed at a cemetery ; the doors 



to it are still to be seen. 



Contiguous to, and at right angles with the 

 kitchen, on the west, was the refectory, a large 



hall 5 length 94 



Beneath this there was a range of cellars. 



On the west of the Lady's aisle and chapter- 

 house, &c. was a cloistered court, for enjoying 

 the benefit of the open air in rainy weather; its 

 south wall was formed by the north wall of 



the refectory ; length 99 8 



Breadth 9* * 



Along the roofs of the Lady's aisle, and chapter- 



houte, and kitchen, was the dormitory ; length 114 2 



Breadth 29 8 



It was divided by a passage in the middle into 



two suit* of bedchambers, in number thirteen. 

 At the south-east corner of the kitchen stood 



the prior's h'juse, communicating with the church 



by a door in the south east corner of the dormi- 

 tory, the passage in the middle of which led by 



another door to the church. 



Immediately above the east gate of the gable 



of the Lady's aisle was a chamber, in which the 



prior usually spent the forenoon. 



Contiguous to the north side of the transept, and 

 communicating with it by a door, was the ves- 

 try, a vaulted building, (square) 16 



The garden was well Mored with fruit trees, and a 



stream was conducted within the boundary wall, and 



drove a corn mill. 



This priory was founded in 1230, by king Alexander 



II. The monks were Cistercians. 



After the very full discussion respecting the progress 

 of the Norman and Gothic styles, which we have already 

 introduced into the heads of History and Practice, we 

 shall be very succinct in the following references to the 

 engraved specimens, for which we are indebted to the 

 pencil of Mr Blore. 



Plate CLXVI. Fig. 1. Crypt at Minstre, in the Isle 

 of Thanet. Mr Flaxman states, on the authority of one 

 of our ancient historians, that there was a monastery at 

 this place, which was destroyed by the Danes in the year 

 600, and which was never afterwards rebuilt. It is there- 

 fore probable, that this crypt (which now forms the cel- 

 lar of a tarm house) was part of this early monastery. 

 The style is very simple, and might with propriety be 

 referred to an early date, without this additional circum- 

 stance in its favour. 



Fig. 2. West door of the church of Cliff near Dover. 

 This is a specimen of the early Norman style. The pe- 

 diment over the semicircular door is decorated with the 

 billett moulding, an ornament peculiar to this style. The 

 keystone of the outer semicircular arch consists of a rude 

 representation of the Deity in the act of benediction, and 

 on each tide is an angel. Within is a narrow border of 

 semicircular interlacing arches ; next to which is the em- 

 battled fret, another ornament also peculiar to this style. 

 The innermost moulding is decorated with a series of 

 flowers, in the execution of which there is no variety. 



Plate CLXVII. Fig. 1. South entrance to the church 

 of Jedburgh in Roxburghshire. The monastery of Jed- 

 burgh was founded by David I., consequently its age can 

 be neaily ascertained. The north entrance it the latest 

 Norman style. On the outside is the zig-zag, or chevron 



ornament, the most common of all the decorations used 

 by the Normans. Next to this is a moulding, covered 

 with a series of grotesque figures and flowers. The ca- 

 pitals of the columns arc finished with foliage, and the 

 columns themselves clustered. 



Fig. 2. North front of the Abbey of Kclso, in Rox- 

 burghshire, also built by David I. In this, ia an ex- 

 ample of the interlacing of the circular arches, and 

 in the large arch is a succession of mouldings well exe- 

 cuted. 



Plate CLXVIII. Fig. 1. Arches from the Treasury, 

 Canterbury. The capitals in this specimen are all varied, 

 which is usually the case in all Norman works. Over 

 each capital is an ornament, evidently copied from Ro- 

 man remains. This an elegant specimen of the decora- 

 ted Norman. 



Fig. 2. An arch from the tower of St Augustine's mo- 

 nastery, Canterbury, built immediately after the Conquest. 



Fig. 3. An early specimen of the Catherine Wheel 

 window, from the east end of Barfrenton church, Kc nt. 

 The whole of the east end of this church is in the latest 

 Norman style, and highly decorated. The series of gro- 

 tesque figures that surround tlie window are highly cha- 

 racteristic of the style. 



Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Specimens of ornamented columns from 

 the tower of St Augustine's monastery, Canterbury. 



Figs. 8, 9- 10. Norman capitals, the first from the 

 tower of St Augustine, and the two last from the crypt 

 under the cathedral, Canterbury. The last resembles 

 very strongly an Egyptian capital which we have given 

 from Denon, in Plate CL. 



Figs. 11, 12. Ornamental borders from Barfreston. 



Plate CLX1X. contains a view of the west front of 

 Holyrood Chapel, Edinburgh, with the details of that 

 period. 



The Abbey of Holyrood House was founded and 

 nobly endowed by King David I. in 1128. It suffered 

 considerably when the English burned the palace in 

 154i, but it was soon after thoroughly repaired. Be- 

 fore the Restoration, it had been used as the parish 

 church of the Canongate; but when the palace was re- 

 paired by King Charles, the clupel was fitted up in a 

 very elegant manner, and was set apart as a chapel royal 

 in all time coming. A throne was raised for the sove- 

 reign, and twelve stalls for the knights of the thistle, and 

 a handsome organ was erected. As the roof of the chapel 

 was in a ruinous condition, it was found necessary to re- 

 pair it ; but au injudicious architect who was employed, 

 covered it with a new roof of flagstones, which the walls 

 had not sufficient strength to support. Another archi- 

 tect reported in 1766, that the chapel would fall unless 

 the new roof was taken off, and his prediction was veri- 

 fied on the 2d December 1768. The building is now 

 completely in ruins, and the mullions of the fine Gothic 

 window at the cat>t end of the chapel are completely de- 

 stroyed. 



Plate CLXX. contains a representation of the outside 

 and inside of Melrose Abbey. 



The present abbey of Melrose, which stands on the 

 south side of the Tweed, is juotly reckoned one of the 

 most magnificent in the kingdom, both from the height 

 and embellishment of the columns, from the beauty of its 

 sculptures, and the general symmetry of its parts. It 

 was founded in 1 156 by King David, endowed with large 

 revenue!) and extensive privileges, and dedicated to the 

 Virgin Mary. 



" The church/' sayeMr Thomson/ " is built in the form 



Practice. 



Fig. S. 



TLATI 

 Cl.XVlII. 

 Fig. 1. 



Fig 2. 

 Fig. 3. 



Fig.. 4 t 5, 

 6, 7. 



Figs. 8, 9, 

 10. 



Figs.11,18. 



PLATE 



CLXIJC. 



Holyrood 

 House. 



PLATI 

 CLXX. 



Mtlrin* 

 Abbey. 



