C L E 



.ind Antonv's body wt deposited, with every e'rcum- 

 of funeral magnificence, in the burying.place of 



the kings of Egypt. Her gi ief and her exertions on this 

 occasion brought on a fever, and, with the consent of 

 her phy resolved to abstain from food, and 



starve herself to death. This design being discovered, 

 thr was placed under the care of other physicians, and 

 was induced by threats and promises to follow their pre- 

 scriptions. 



After she wms pretty well recovered, Octavianus sent 

 to her, requesting an interview. She was delighted with 

 this proposal, and prepared to play off all her arts, and 

 all her charms, against her conqueror. But the cold- 

 blooded politician, though he was afterwards sufficiently 

 notorious for his gallantries, had at present a different 

 game to play ; he therefore kept his eyes fixed upon the 

 ground during the whole conversation, and it was per- 

 haps not the !ea-t of Cleopatra's mortifications, that die 

 had now probnbly for the first time fruitlessly displayed 

 her charms. She still, however, entertained the hopes, 

 that she might avoid the ignominy of being led in tri- 

 umph : and with this view offered to give up all her 

 moveables, treasures, and jewels ; but Octavianus was 

 determined that nothing sh' uld rideem her from this 

 dreaded humiliation. But Cleopatra had succeeded bet- 

 ter with Cornelius Dollabella, one of Octavianus's inti- 

 mate friends. This Roman was desperately in love with 

 her ; and had engaged to give her timely intimation of 

 his master'* intentions : Accordingly he sent her word, 

 that in three days she and her children were to be put 

 on board a vessel, and conveyed to Rome. This deter- 

 mined her to put in execution the purpose which she had 

 long f; rmed, in contemplation of this event. 



Finding it difficult to dude the vigilance of Epaphro- 

 tlitus, who was appointed to watch her, she made a ureat 

 entertainment, affected unusual gaiety, and in the midst 

 of the general mirth, rose from table, and wrote a letter 

 to Octavianus, which she requested Epaphroditus to de- 

 liver into his own hands, as it contained matters of im- 

 portance. As sron as he was gone, she withdrew with 

 two of her maids, and calling for a basket of figs, which 

 one of her servants had brought in the disguise of a pea- 

 sant, (he applied to her arm an asp which was purposely 

 concealed among the figs. This is the common account ; 

 but Plutarch, in Anton, says, that she had collected the 

 poison beforehand, and introduced it into her arm, by 

 tearing her flesh with her teeth. She soon expired, in 

 the arms of her maids. In her letter to Octavianus, she 

 requested to be buried in the same tomb with Antony : 

 this leading him to suspect her intentions, he instantly 

 dispatched some of his friends to prevent her attempt. 

 They found her lying dead, on a golden bed, in her royal 

 robes, with one of her maids likewise dead, and the other 

 expiring beside her. 



Thus ended the life of this celebrated queen, whose 

 adventures are more like the fictions of romance, than 

 the ordinary details of history. In her ended the line of 

 Ptolemy Lagus, the founder of the Greek dynasty in 

 Egypt, whose family had reigned from the death of 

 Alexander, till its extinction in Cleopatra, 294 years. 

 It is agreed on all hands, that she was very beautiful, 

 very accomplished, and very unprincipled. Chastity was 

 not a virtue that she aspired to, and her libertinism was 

 too much even for an age, in which more than an ordi- 

 nary degree of profligacy was readily tolerated. And 

 yet she generally bestowed her heart, where she sur- 

 rendered Der per ton, and continued to retain a tenderness 

 fr those who had once been the objects of her affection. 

 Wonderful things are lold of her acquirements in point 



C L E 



of language ; and it is affirmed that she could converse 

 , Troglodytes, Jew, Arabians, Cyrians, 

 Medes, and Persian), without an interpreter, and with as 

 much ea<, as if she had been a native of the countries 

 whose language she adopted. Her death wai a great 

 disappointment to Octavianm, who caused her image to 

 h'' led in triumph, since he could not obtain her person. 

 Horace celebrates her death as a great piece of heroism. 



jluta et jarentem rwrre rtgiam 

 1'ultu sertno fortii, ft t<- . 



Trarlan tcrptntei, ut at r vat 



Corpora rambikrnt criunum, 

 Deliberate mart r ftr 

 San;iii liibumit tciliret invident 

 J'riifttti Jettuci nvpcrlto 



A'OB hunilii nu/ier trivmjihn. 



1 1 OK. Carm. lib. i. Od.ST. 



CLEPSYDRA. See HYDRODYNAMICS. 

 CLEK.MONT FEKRAND, Augm-to'irmelum and Ar~ 

 icrni C/uramons, a city of France, and capital of the de- 

 partment of the 1'uy-de-Dome, is situated on a small emi- 

 nence, at the foot of a lofty mountain between two small 

 rivers, one of wh'ch is called the Artier. The streets are 

 narrow, and the houses gloomy, but the promenades and 

 public- places are superb. Before the great altar of the 

 cathedral there is a fine ancient sarcophagus. The princi- 

 pal articles of manufacture in this city are, fine rateeni, 

 coarse serges, druggets, linen cloth, ribbands, s,i!k stock- 

 ings, candles, and paper. The preserved apricots of Cler- 

 niont have been long celebrated; the cheese made in the 

 neighbourhood, known by the name of the cheese of Au- 

 vergne, is reckoned particularly excellent. Within an en- 

 closure in the city, there is a petrifying spring, which hag 

 deposited across a garden, in the direction of its course, a 

 wall 140 feet long, and in some places from 15 to 20 

 feet high. This brook is also said to have petrified a 

 wooden bridge so completely, that carriages can pass 

 over it. The town of Montferrand, from which Cler- 

 mont receives the addition to its name, forms one of the 

 fauxbourgbof the city. Population 2 1, 178. In the Al- 

 manac du Commerce for 1311, it is stated at 30,000. 

 East Long. 3 5' 17". North Lat. 45 46' 44." (n>) 



CLERODENDRUM, a genus of plants of the class 

 Didynamia, and order Angiospermia. See BOTANY, 

 p. '255. 



CLETHRA, a genus of plants of the class Decan- 

 dria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 211. 



CLEVES, the Clivia of the ancients, is a town of 

 France, in the department of the Roer, and formerly was 

 the capital of a duchy of the same name, in the circle of 

 Westphalia. It is situated on the brow of a hill, upon 

 the canal of Spoy, ab ut i wo miles from its communication 

 with the Rhine. The town, which consists of several irre- 

 gular streets, is divided into the higher and the lower, is 

 well built, and contains about 800 houses. It is surround- 

 ed with walls, but is not strongly fortified. There is 

 here a church and three convents. The Lutherans, the 

 Calvinists, and Memnonites, have likewise each a church, 

 and the Jews have a synagogue. In the higher part of 

 the town is an ancient cas le, called the Tour du ( 

 which, as the inhabitants pretend, was built about 300 

 years beJore Christ, and from the top of which '24 towns 

 can be seen. The declivity of the eminence on which it 

 stands, is cut into terraces and walls so as to form a de- 

 lightful English garden. The principal manufactures of 

 the place are silk stuffs, draps, linen cloths, ai.d tobacco. 

 Population 4243. Easi Long. 6 7' 6", and North, 

 Lat. .51" 47' 40". () 



CLEVES AND BERG, GRAND DUCHY OF, is the name 

 of a new graud duchy, formed out of the old duchy of 



Clcvet. 



