Diseases. 



DOG 3 



that of the swiftest race horse. For dogs, possessed of 

 properties such as these, the lovers of rural sports in 

 Britain have been content to pay extravagant prices. 

 Four hogsheads of claret were not long ago exchanged 

 for a fox-hound as its value, two hundred guineas 

 were given for a brace of pointers, and L. 152 for a 

 single greyhound. 



The ancients ate puppies as a delicacy, and they of- 

 fered them in sacrifice to their gods. Dogs are gene- 

 rally an article of food in the South Sea islands, and 

 provided to regale the visitors of the inhabitants. In 

 various parts of Africa, they are held in like estimation; 

 and in the kingdoms of Whidaw and Dahomy their flesh 

 is exposed for sale in the public markets. In different 

 foreign countries the skin is used for clothing, and at 

 home the finest leather is prepared from it. Neither 

 have the different parts of the animal been judged void 

 of medicinal properties : the fat was formerly thought 

 to be an excellent vulnerary ; and an oil or balsam ex- 

 tracted from puppies, by roasting or boiling, was dealt 

 out as a powerful remedy for strains, contusions, and 

 muscular debility. Quacks and empirics, resting their 

 nostrums on the credulity of mankind, find a specific 

 in every thing. 



The dog, in common with other animals, is subject 

 to multifarious diseases, of which the most dreadful is 

 madness; more dreadful than those afflicting the rest 

 of the brute creation, because a fatal wound may be 

 communicated from it. The most usual symptoms are 

 said to be dulness, loss of appetite, and in particular a 

 departure from the animal's ordinary habits. If a 

 stick, held out by a person with whom it is familiar, 

 excites resentment, this is reputed an infallible crite- 

 rion. But the dog still continues tractable, and 

 the persons generally around it are the last in danger 

 of attack. Its voice next participates more of a conti- 

 nued howl, with the head elevated in the air ; great 

 anxiety appears; it labours under apparent suffering, and 

 testilii > the strongest impatience of controul. At length 

 it eagerly hurries from the home to which it has always 

 been attached, it bites every animal in the way, its 

 pursuit is incessant of all except mankind, for they are 

 more rarely the objects of injury ; and when worn out 

 with wandering, it will sometimes return. If escaping 

 intentional destruction, the dog seldom survives the 

 fourth or fifth day, refusing all food, and dying raging 

 mad. It is a lamentable fact, that a mortal malady, 

 known by the name of hydrophobia, may be imparted 

 by the bite of a dog indisputably rabid ; but this distem- 

 per does not invariably ensue ; neither ought it to be 

 correctly designed the dread of water, for some dogs 

 lap that fluid readily, from the fever affecting them, 

 though they are unable to swallow it. Instant excision 

 of the wounded part is always considered prudent 

 where it may be safely performed; and of late CXCCK- 

 <ive bleeding, such as repeatedly deprives the patient 

 of sen'-e and motion, seems to have been practised with 

 uiccess. 



The dog is not a long-lived animal ; twelve or four- 

 teen years Ix-ing its usual age, but some reach twenty. 

 All the marks of age are long before conspicuous ; the 

 hair alters, the eyes grow dim, the hind legs become 

 (wralytic ; weakness and extenuation terminate in death. 

 'iny ]Ji*t. Nnlur. lib. viii. Strabo, lib. iv. ./Elian. 

 /< \atura Auimalium. Aldrovandus de Qpodrvpedibvt 

 iligitalii, fee. lib. iii. Conrad Gesner Icones animalium, 

 p. 35. Caius, de cani/nts liritannicis, ad Gesnerwn var. 

 loc. Buffon IJistoire Nalurelle, torn. v. and xiv. F. Cu- 

 vier tur le Chien de la Nomelle Hollan.de ap. Ann. du 



VOL. VIII. PART I. 



3 D O L 



Museum d'Hist. Nat. Id. sur Its caracteres Osleoln- 

 giqucs du chien domestique. Traite D'education des fini- 

 inaux, p. 165. Memoires de I'Acad. Royale, 1715, p. 3. 

 Lessep's Voyages, torn. i. Philosophical Transactions, 

 v. 77, 79. Lambert on the Canis Grains Hibernicti.i 

 in the Trans. Lin. Soc. v. iii. White's Voyage to New 

 South Wales, p. 280. Phillip's Voyage to New South, 

 Wales, p. 27*. Gray's Letters from Canada, p. 310. 

 Egede Description of Greenland, p. 63. Crantz's Histo- 

 ry of Greenland, vol. i. p. 74. Kracheninikoff Account 

 of kamlschatka var. loc. Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, var. 

 ioc. Daniel's Rural Sports. Thornhill's Shooting Directo- 

 ry, p. 4<1. The Sportsman's Cabinet. Rorarius qvod Ani- 

 malia brutasaipe rationeutanlurmelius/iomine,p. 18,102, 

 227. (c) 



DOGE. See VENICE. 



DOIRE, one of the six departments of France into 

 which the principality of Piedmont was divided in 1802. 

 See PIEDMONT. 



DOLA. See ARABIA. 



DOLE, the Dola Seqtianorum of the ancients, is a 

 handsome town of France, in the department of the Jura. 

 It is the largest town of Tranche Comte except Besan- 

 9on, and was once the capital of the province, and the 

 seat of its parliament and university. The town is 

 situated in a fertile plain, on the right bank of the river 

 Doubs. It was once very strong, but the fortifications 

 were demolished by Louis XIV. It has a college, 12 

 convents, and a hotel-dieu. The university was trans- 

 ferred to Besancon by Louis XIV. Dole has a manu- 

 factory of hats and hosiery goods, a forge, and a glass- 

 work ; and in the neighbourhood there are mines of 

 iron, copper and coal, and quarries of beautiful marble. 

 The surrounding country is fertile, and produces abun- 

 dance of wine and corn, in which a considerable trade 

 is carried on, which is facilitated by a canal. Popula- 

 tion 8235. It is 30 miles south-west of Besan$on, and 

 270 south-east of Paris. ( /) 



DOLGELLY, or DOLOELLEU, is a market town of 

 Wales, in the county of Merioneth, and derives its 

 name from dril or da I, and gelli or celli, a grove of hazel 

 trees. It is situated in a fertile vale, between the rivers 

 Arran and Wnion, and is encircled with lofty moun- 

 tains, many of which are covered with wood. The 

 streets are very irregular, and so narrow as scarcely to 

 admit two carriages abreast. The houses are built of 

 quartz, or limestone, without mortar. They are seldom 

 above two stories high, and h ave penthouses in front 

 upon piles. The church, which is the neatest building 

 in the town, is built of limetone, and consists of a tower 

 and a large nave. The seats are merely forms. The 

 market-house is a low square building, and the town- 

 hall can scarcely be distinguished from the other houses. 

 The county gaol, which has lately been erected, at a 

 small distance from the town, is a strong and handsome 

 building. A considerable trade is carried on here in 

 flannels, a kind of kerseymere cloth, and a woollen cloth 

 called gnen, which is manufactured in the town and 

 neighbourhood. Shrewsbury and Liverpool were for- 

 merly the principal markets for these goods, but agents 

 now resort to Dolgelly to purchase them. There is 

 here a weekly market on Tuesdays, and six annual fairs. 

 The following is an abstract of the population return 

 for the town in 1811: 



Number of inhabited houses, 537 



Number of families, 728 



Do. employed in agriculture, 239 



Do. in trade and manufactures, 70 



Dolgelly. 



