DON 4 



lx> instantly demolished, his triumphal arches to be 

 thrown down, and his name to IK- struck out of the 

 Roman annals and all public inscriptions. See Siielo- 

 unit; Dto Casting, \. Ixvii.; Tacitus His!. 1. i. ; and 

 k'it. Agric. prasrrtim, c. 44; Crevier's Rom. Emp.; Gih- 

 bon's Horn llift. vol. i.: AHC. I'nir. Hist. vol. xv. p. 4-7; 

 and F.yprinchard's Hittoire Aiipuslc, p. 237. ('/) 



DON, the Tanaii of the ancients, and the Tuna of 

 the Tartars, is one of the largest rivers in Europe, and 

 the second in magnitude of those which discharge them- 

 selves into the Sea of Azof. It rises in the Ivanot'skoy 

 I .ike. not far from Tula, in the government of lie/an ; 

 and after watering a considerable extent of country, it 

 divides into three branches at the town of Tschercha- 

 gkoy, and discharges itself into the Sea of Azof, where 

 it is so shallow that only flat-bottomed vessels can pass 

 into the sea. The course of this river, exclusive of its 

 windings, is about 1000 versts. It flows in general 

 through a flat country, covered with immense forests 

 f pines and oaks. Its bed is commonly sand, marl, and 

 lime. 



In one part of its course, the Don approaches so near 

 to the Volga, that Peter I. was extremely anxious to 

 form a junction between these two rivers. He himself 

 discovered two practicable tracks. One of these was 

 from the Lower Volga, by uniting the rivulets Kami- 

 shinka and Ilafla with a canal of four versts. This 

 plan was actually begun, but was abandoned from an 

 insufficiency of water. The reservoirs, which were in- 

 tended to have been placed at the sources of the Kami- 

 bhinka, were scarcely capable of supplying the common 

 t-tream of the river. The other plan was to unite the 

 source of the Don 25 versts from the town of Ghepi- 

 san, with the rivulet Kala, which falls into the Oupa, 

 one of the principal brandies of the Oka, which runs 

 into the Volga. This plan was likewise begun, and a 

 considerable part of it carried into effect. Twenty-four 

 hluices of limestone were built, and the canal cut through 

 the extent of the vale of Bobriky, corresponding to the 

 depth of the bed of the Don ; but it was abandoned 

 from a supposed want of water. 



The rivers which fall into the Don are the Danactz, 

 which rises a little above the town of Belogorod, and is 

 generally navigable, particularly in spring, receiving 

 the rivers Eyedor, Koren, and Orkole, which are small 

 and little frequented ; the Voronege, which is naviga- 

 ble only in spring; the Bolutzar; the Derkul; the 

 Kalitva ; the Sosna, which is generally navigable, and 

 receives the Ostrogosha ; and the Choper, which rises 

 from a morass in the province of Penza, and has a 

 course of 360 versts, through a fruitful country, abound- 

 ing in corn, wood, and pasturfge. The Choper is na- 

 vigable through the district of Choperskoy, particularly 

 in spring, and receives the rivers Vorona, Kolitley, 

 Gainula, Milkarey, Arkadak, Karay, Serdoba, Ilafla, 

 and the Medvitza. See Tooke's View of the Russian 

 Empire ; and Clarke's Travels, vol. i. passim. () 



DONAGHADEE, a maritime and post town of Ire- 

 land, in the county of Down, and province of Ulster, 

 situated u]x in tliat part of the Irish Channel which se- 

 parates Scotland from Ireland. The town consists of 

 two principal streets. One of these \* open and expo- 

 sed to the sa; and the other, situated behind the first, 

 is well paved. The communication between Scotland 

 and Ireland is from Donagliadee to Portpatrick in Scot- 

 land, the distance between which is about 25 miles. 

 The i|iiay is formed in the shape of a crescent, and con- 

 sists of large stones without any cement. It is 128 



I DON 



yards long, find 22 feet broad, and ha* a breast wall of 

 the same stones about ti feet broad. Distance from Dub- 

 lin 94A miles, and l/i from Belfast. ( /) 



1 )( )\ ATI A, a genus of plants of the class Triandria, 

 and order Trigynia. See BOTANY, p. 110. 



DONAUESCHINGEN. Set- DAM-BE. 



DO\ \\. See COM noi.ocn . 



DONCASTEH, is a large and beautiful market tow 

 of England, in the West Hiding of Yorkshire, and on 

 the south division of the Wapentakc of Strafforth and 

 Tickhill. It is pleasantly situated on the south side of 

 the river Don, on a narrow tongue of land bounded by 

 the Don on the north, and a range of fens or marshes, 

 called Potteric Car on the south. The principal street. 

 which in different parts of its .length has the name ot' 

 Hall-gate, High-street, French-gate, and Marsh-gate, 

 forms one line, and is part of the great north road from 

 London to F.dinburgh. It is nearly a mile in length 

 from the Hall Cross on the south-east, to the Mill Bridge 

 on the north-west. The street, which runs from the 

 north-east extremity of the town to the west end of St 

 Sepulchre's gate, in the direction of the road to Rother- 

 ham and Sheffield, is above half a mile long. Several 

 new streets have recently been laid out on the east side 

 of St Sepulchre's gate, and many elegant houses are al- 

 ready erected. 



The parish church of St George is situated near the 

 river, on the site of an ancient castle, and appears to 

 have been built at different periods. A stone bearing 

 the date of 1071 was lately taken out of the wall at the 

 east end. The church is 151- feet long, .78 feet high, 

 and 68 feet broad. It has eight bells, an excellent or- 

 gan, and a good library. The tower, which is 1-1-1 fee* 

 high, appears to have been built in the reign of Henry 

 III. There is also in Doncaster a number of other pla- 

 ces of worship, viz. a Presbyterian chapel, the Metho- 

 dists chapel, an elegant chapel belonging to the Inde- 

 pendents, a meeting-house for the Society of Friends, 

 and another for the followers of Johanna Southcote. 

 The charitable institutions are, a public dispensary, 

 erected in 1792, and supported by voluntary contribu- 

 tions; St Thomas's hospital, established in the 30th 

 year of Queen Elizabeth, for six decayed housekeepers 

 of good character ; a workhouse for the employment of 

 the poor ; a school of industry ; and several Sunday 

 schools. 



The mansien-house is a very magnificent building. 

 It is in the centre of the town, and was erected in 1744, 

 and enlarged and thoroughly repaired in J 800. 



The town-hall, where public business is transacted, 

 was repaired in 1782; and affords room in its lower 

 apartments for the free grammar-school. An English 

 school luis also been established by the corporation, and 

 there is likewise a good theatre. 



Several unsuccessful attempts have been made t 

 establish manufactures in this place. The only one 

 which is at present carried on, is one of machines for 

 cutting straw and splitting beans, and invented by Mr 

 Thomas Pasmore. It is carried on under the firm of 

 Pasmore, Jenkinson, Pearson, & Co. and has met with 

 great success. 



The markets of Doncaster are well supplied. The 

 shambles, built in 1756, are covered with a slated roof, 

 and supported by 24 columns. The butter cross is a 

 building of an octagonal form, supported by pillars. 

 The fish market, the vegetable market, and the pottery 

 ware market, arc held in a large square called the Mag- 

 daU in--. The corn market, where a great quantity of 



