D O W 



58 



DOW 



Do destroyed. jmcl tin- interior exposed to the weather. 

 nine of die ancient church are ndjnrent to tin- pha- 

 ro, and it is supjx>scd to have N-cn l>uilt In Lucius in 

 . the second century, although the ruins of it an 



ntly ot'a much later date. The roof is w holly destroy- 

 ed, niul the walls greatly dilapidated. The pila 

 on the e*st and west sides of the tower .-ire carried up 

 with Roman tiles. and those on the nortli anil touto 

 sides are carried up witli square stones. There are re- 

 mains of triple columns in the angles of the tower. 

 The remains of a Roman bath have frequently l>een 

 laid open in digging graves near the w< *t end of St 

 M.iry's church, and a circular camp is still to be seen 

 on a" hill to the west of I)o\er castle. The remains of 

 a priory of canons regular are still to l>e seen near the 

 entrance of the town where the road turns to Folkstone. 

 On the left of the entrance to the town stands an old 

 hospital or Maison Dieu. built about the reign of Henry 

 111. It was converted by Queen Mary into a virtual- 

 ling office for the navy, and is still used for this purpose. 

 The buildings have received great alterations at diffe- 

 rei periods. This being the only victualling station 

 between Portsmouth and Shcerness, all his majesty's 

 ship- in the Downs are supplied from it by vessels hired 

 for the purpose. 



During the bathing season, Dover is much frequent- 

 ed by many respectable families. The broad beach, 

 the romantic cm irons of the town, and the fine and va- 

 ried prospects, have contributed to render it a place of 

 summer resort. 



I:i Antoninus's Itinerary, Dover is called ad Porlum 

 Dubri.i. It was called Dor/a and Dofris by the Sax- 

 ons, and Dovere in Doomsday Book. 



The following is the population return for the town 

 f Dover for 1811. 



Inhabited houses, 1780 



Number of families '. . . 21(53 



Families employed in agriculture, 50 



Do. in trade and manufactures, .... 998 



Do. not included in these classes, ... 1115 



Males, 3988 



Females, 5086 



Total population in 1811, 907* 



Do. in 1801, 708* 



Increase since 1801, 1990 



See Hasted's Hittory of Kent ; King's Munimcnta 

 Anliqua, vol. ii. p. 160; Harris's History of Kent; Dar- 

 ell's History of Dover Castle ; and Brayfey's Beauties 

 of England and Half*, vol viii. p. 1029 106'7. (ui) 

 " DOUGLAS. See MAN Isle of. 



DOURO. See SPAIN. 



DOWLATABAI), the name of a town and fortn-s 

 of Hindostan in the Deccan. The fort is built upon 

 a high and solid rock, which cannot be ascended 1>\ a 

 horse or a camel. This rock is nearly perpendicu- 

 lar on all sides, and rises to the height of 420 feet 

 above the level of the surrounding plain. The outer- 

 most wall is nearly l.'i.OOO feet in circuit, its thickness 

 at the foundation i 5 feet, and its height 4-8 feet. The 

 pace which it incloses is divided into nine fortifica- 

 tions, rising gradually above one another ; the one near- 

 est the centre always commanding that which is with- 

 out it. The fnrtrc-s is entered by a passage excava- 

 ted from the rock, and' rising by a winding staircase 

 into the centre of the inner fortification. Massy iron 

 gates secure the entrance without, and at the top it is 



defended by n huge grate, on which nn immense fire Down, 

 was kept during the siege. The town at the foot of ^^"Y"^'' 

 the rock, which MrWflfbrd has shewn tbr the ancient 

 Tngarn, was once in a flourishing tate, but IMS been 

 ruined by war. East Ixjng. 75 5V. North Lat. 19 

 :-(>'. (-) 



DOWN, a county of Ireland, in the province of VI- K"*" 

 It is bounded on the west by .Srinngh, on the * t P* tt - 

 north by Antrim and ('arrickfergu* Hay. and on t! . 

 and south by the Iri-li Sea and C 'arlingford I'.-'y. I.ough 

 Neagh just touches its north-west ixtrcmity Its sur- 

 everywhere irregular. In the centre there is a 

 mountainous tract called Sliebh-l'roob ; and towards the 

 south there are the Mournc mountains, one of which, 

 Slieve Donard, is the second in point of height in Ireland, 

 being tiSOf) above the level of the sea. The other dis- 

 trietsofthe county are almost all in a well-cultivated 

 state, embellished with plantation!!, and neat well-built 

 houses, and having the appearance of industry, opu- 

 lence, and comfort. The banks of the rivers Hann and 

 Laggan, covered with bleachficlds, present a very chear- 

 ful and agreeable spectacle to the eye. There is some 

 fine romantic scenery at ToUttOOR I'ark belonging to 

 Lord Hoden, and also at Rostrevor, a celebrated liathing 

 place, situated on a small ami of the sea, which stretch- 

 es into the county from Carlin^ford Hay, and having 

 behind it the Mournc mountains. It is considered the 

 Brighton of Ireland. 



The soil in this county is various. On the whole, it SoU and 

 is fertile, and capable of producing every variety of cl""" 16 - 

 grain. In the eastern district, or peninsula known by 

 the name of Ardes, the ground is level, and consists of 

 a deep clay. To the west of Strangtbrd I.ough. it is 

 chiefly loam, mixed sometimes with clay and sometimes 

 with gravel, having always :t considerable quantity of 

 stones in it. The mountainous region of Mournc and 

 Sliebh-Croob is rude and unkindly, scarcely capable 

 of cultivation, though yielding a good deal of rough 

 pasture. Of course there are some parts of it absolute- 

 ly barren. Near the banks of rivers, the land is prin- 

 cipally in the state of meadows, occasionally overflow- 

 ed, and thus kept in good condition. In the \ allies 

 formed by the mountains, there are turf bogs, which, as 

 storehouses of fuel, are valuable to the proprietors. 

 Some of these bogs lu.ve, by means of irrigation, been 

 converted into excellent meadow. The climate is sutti- 

 ciently favourable to vegetation of every kind. 



It is impossible that agriculture can be in a very Agricul. 

 flourishing condition, where land is so minutely divided turc - 

 as it is in this county. Such a minute division, owing 

 partly to the practice of tenants portioning each child 

 with a share of their farm, and partly to the desire of 

 the landlords to increase their political interest, by mul- 

 tiplying the number of freeholders, narrows the iield of. 

 enterprise and industry, takes away the most powerful 

 stimuli!- to skilful exertion, lowers the respectability of 

 the farmer, and prevents the adoption of any liberal and 

 improved system of husbandry. Accordingly, though 

 in particular spots the ground is well and successfully 

 cultivated, we in vain look for those results in rc-|.eit 

 both to quality and quantity of produce, which a know- 

 ledge of the natural advantages of the county, combined 

 with a judicious mode of management, would warrant 

 us to expect 



Wheat has been little cultivated in the province of Crops, 

 ri-ter; but it is more frequently found on the sea 

 coast of Down than in any other place. Spring wheat 

 lias been sown with advantage. A great deal of barley 

 and some bear is raised. Oats abound everywhere. 



