DUBLIN. 



16? 



oil. 



is a continued series of gentlemen's seat?, which are laid 

 out and adorned with much taste. On the borders, it 

 has all the rocky anil mountainous features of that coun- 

 ty. In general, the soil is very cold and unfruitful. 

 In some parts, the subsoil is so calcareous, that it effer- 

 vesces when exposed to the action of an acid. The 

 climate is warmer than might be expected. In the five 

 years ending 1800, the medium atmospherical heat 

 was .>0 15'; the maximum being 81 50, and the mi- 

 nimum 14 50'. The range of the thermometer is about 

 36 ; that of the barometer about 2-^. or 2^ inches. 

 The average quantity of rain that fell at the botanic 

 garden near the city of Dublin, for the 1 years end- 

 ing 1811, was 22.388 inches. The south-west wind is 

 the most predominant. The south-east is the most pro- 

 lific in rain. 



Agriculture is not in a remarkably flourishing state. 

 The system pursued is an unskilful one ; and of course 

 the quantity of produce is unequal to the advantages 

 enjoyed. The grain, however, is generally good in 

 quality. Very little wheat is raised. Barley is seldom 

 sown. Oats and potatoes are standard crops. There is 

 almost no flax cultivated. In 1808, about 45 acres 

 were under hemp. 



The following is an average view of the quantities 

 of seed used, and of the produce per English acre. 

 This table is made from the statements of Mr Wake- 

 field ; but from the produce assigned to oats and po- 

 tatoes, we suspect his statements are, not incorrect, so 

 far as they go, but of insufficient extent and variety to 

 afford a fair average. 



le nd The breeds of cattle in this county are multifarious. 



p. Every different kind almost is to be found here that is 



to be found in the island. But little attention is paid 

 to the improvement of them. In the city of Dublin 

 and its neighbourhood, there is a vast number of cows 

 kept for the dairy. They are chiefly of the English 

 and Dutch sorts. Their average produce of milk in 

 summer is eight quarts, and in winter five quarts per 

 day. They sell at from 10 to 20 guineas each. In this 

 county the farmers have no flocks of sheep. 



1 and The fuel made use of is furze, turf, and coal import- 



itations. ed from the west of England. A good many trees are 

 to be seen around gentlemen's seats, but wood is not 

 abundant. The weeping, or Hertford shire elm, is fre- 

 quently raised. 



ights The weights and measures of this county are various. 



men- In the district of Finjr.il, 5 stone is equal to a bushel 

 of wheat ; 4 stone = do. of barley ; 3J stone = do. of 

 oats ; 5 stone = do. of potatoes ; !' stone = do. vetches. 

 In the city of Dublin, 20 stone is equal to a barrel of 

 wheat ; 16 stone = do. of barley ; 14 stone = do. of 

 oats ; 20 stone = do. potatoes ; 8 barrels 1 ton of 

 coals; a kish of turf = !,' feet by 2, and :( feet deep; 

 a perch 2 1 feet in length, and 8 feet in width ; a 

 barrel of roach lime = 40 gallons of 21 7, <! 7J cubic inches ; 

 a stone of rough tallow = 1 5 Ibs. The common lawful 



English weights and the Winchester bushel are also in Dubim 



use. Hay, garden, and flax seed, are sown by the . tount . v - 



11 s """~y"^ p ' 



bushel. 



In some places labour is paid in money, and in other p r i ces of 

 places in money with conveniences, such as a cottage, labour, &t 

 or grass for a cow, &c. The following is a list of prices 

 for the year 1811. A man the year round L. 23 : 8 ; 

 a woman do. L. 15: 12; carpenter per day 3s. 10|d. ; 

 mason do. 3s. 8^d. ; slater do. 4s. 4|d. ; quarryman 2s. ; 

 thresher do. 2s.; mason per 21 feet Is. Id.; slater per 

 square 21. ; bricklayer per perch 2s. 2d. ; cart and horse 

 per day 3?. 4-Jd. ; grazing a cow per week 3s. 9^d. ; 

 do a horse do. 7s. 3^d. ; fencing per perch, ditch 7 feet by 

 6, 4s. <*d. ; sea coal per barrel 3s. 4^d. ; culm per ton 

 3s. 3fd. ; furze per thousand 81. 10s. ; bricks per thou- 

 sand 21. ; lime per barrel Is. ; plough timber ll. 2s. 9d. ; 

 a car mounted 41. 14s. l^d. ; bran per barrel 6s.; po- 

 tatoes per stone 6d. ; salt butter per cwt. 51. ; fresh do. 

 per Ib. Is. 4d. ; hay per ton 41. 15s. ; whisky per gal- 

 lon 9s. ; ale per quart 3d. ; porter per gallon Is. 2d. ; 

 beef per Ib. 7d. ; mutton do. 8d. ; veal do. lOd. ; pork 

 do. 4d. ; lambs per fcore 161. ; eggs do. lOd. ; cheese 

 per Ib. Is. 4d. ; bacon do. Is. ; shoeing a horse 3s. 8d. 

 brogues per pair 7s. ; shoes do. 9s. ; leather per Ib. Is.; 

 salt per stone Is. ; a spade 4s. ; shovel 2s. Gd. ; Swedish 

 iron per cwt. ll. 10s.; wool per stone ll. 6.s; fowls 

 per couple 4s. ; turkey 2s. Gd. ; goose Is. 7d. ; wheat 

 per barrel 2l. ; barley do. 21. ; oats do. 1 8s. ; malt do. 

 21. 5s. 6d. ; flour, Ists per cwt. 21. 12s. 2ds do. ll. 18s. 

 3ds do. ll. 6s. ; oatmeal per stone 3s.; labour of har- 

 vest of hay or corn per day 2s. 3d. ; day labour of chil- 

 dren 7d. ; mowing grass per acre 8s. 8d. ; rabbits per 

 couple Is. lOd. ; milk per quart 2jd. ; Rush ling per 

 cwt. ll. 15s.; corn acre of meadow 71. 10s. ;doofpo- 

 tatoe land 101. 



Among the largest land proprietors in this county Estates 

 are Mr White, Mr Hamilton, Mr Talbot, Lord Long- rental, itr, 

 ford, Lord I)e Vesci, and Lord Mount joy. None of 

 the estates are very extensive, which circumstance is 

 probably owing to the neighbourhood of a great com- 

 mercial city. The size of farms varies very much. Leases 

 also are of various terms, except that they generally in- 

 clude a life, in order to command a vote. The land, 

 from its proximity to the capital, is a more marketable 

 commodity here than in most other counties of Ireland. 

 The rental must be high, not however from the quali- 

 ty of the soil, but from the number of acres attached to 

 villas and country seats, and other local advantages. Mr 

 Wakefield makes its average over the whole county to 

 be not less than L. 3 per acre. The whole rental at 

 this rate would be about L. 426,150 in Irish estimate, 

 botli of land and money. 



The only river of consequence is the Liffey. It rises n; vn . Si 

 in the county of Wicklow, runs west into that of Kil- hurbuur*. 

 dare, then turning north-east intersects the county of &* 

 Dublin, passes through the city, and a little below falls 

 into the Irish sea. From the Liffey a canal has been 

 made, which joins the Shannon at Clonfert. Therp are 

 a good many bays and creeks. That of Dublin is very 

 beautiful. The principal harbours are those of Dublin, 

 Rush, Skerries, and Balbriggen. 



In this county there is manufactured a strong kind Manuka- 

 of 7-8th dowlas, and also some 9-8th and 5-4th sheet- tures. 

 ings. These goods are sold in the Drogheda market, 

 and find their way in an unfinished state into the coun- 

 try markets of England. 



On the Lifiey there is a considerable salmon fishery ].;<,;, an ( 

 belonging to Sir W. Worthington, extending from Is- tih;rir*. 

 land-bridge to the light-house at Poolbeg. It employs 



