170 



DUBLIN. 



In the year 1791, the city Contained 22,000 houses, 



*"** and the inhabitants \ mated at 2S6,(KK). Since 



'"' '- "" that period, more than 4000 houses have In-en built, 



which, at the same calculation, would amount to 



S78.000.* 



food and The supply of corn, flesh, fowl, and finli, is very abun- 

 ' : dant. Tne fuel is supplied from Scotland anil Cum- 



berland, and from the DOM thr.m^li w Inch the two ca- 

 nnls, the Grand and the lioyal C'.inul, run. There is 

 great plenty of turt'. 



Water. The city is supplied with water on the north side 



by the Royal Canal, which communicate* with a bason 

 JMmlsoniely laid out, and provided with branches for 

 its distribution ; and, on the south side, the sheet of 

 water is enclosed by a mole and a terrace-walk, neatly 

 planted with a thickset hedge and elms. This reser- 

 voir is filled constantly by a stream from the moun- 

 tains, and from the Grand Canal ; the water of the two 

 n >. r. oir> is distributed through the city by double 

 ranges of pipes ; a great part of which are now, and all 

 hereafter are to be of metal. Every house pays the wa- 

 ter-duty, and is therefor* supposed to have a branch 

 from the adjoining main. 



Folia. The care of the food, fuel, watching, cleansing, light- 



ing, repairing the pavement, the mads, the parapets of 

 the quays, the sewers, the jails, of decayed houses, and 

 of the removal of all nuisances, is divided among the 

 citizens and inhabitants by special acts of Parliament; 

 and these incorporations are empowered to discharge 

 the trust in a very effectual manner, by fine, distress, 

 and imprisonment. 



The barracks, situated on an elevated ground at the 

 north-west side of the river, about .SO perches from it, 

 and rising above the adjoining streets 30 feet, were 

 opened in 1 70 !, and are fit to lodge 4000 infantry and 

 1000 cavalry. They have four large squares, three of 

 which are for the infantry, and one tor cavalry; the tiiree 

 to the south occupy .a front of sixty perches, and that 

 to the east twelve. Since 1793, barracks have been 

 urected in different parts of the inclosure within the 

 circular road, which can accommodate 10,000 men. 



On the opposite side of the river stands Kilniainham 

 Hospital, on a site of 6l acres, a part of the royal park, 

 erected in 1083, at an expence to the army of nearly 

 L. 24,000. There belong to this establishment resident 

 and out-neiiMoners ; it is quadrangular, with a spacious 

 area in the centre. The chapel and dining-hall occu- 

 py the north side ; the portraits of the sovereigns de- 

 corate the dining-hall, and the centre of this flank is 

 ornamented with a spire and clock. The whole build- 

 ing is tour stories high, with an open piazza on the 

 ground and corresponding corridores over the piazza, 

 which renders the communication through the centre 

 very agreeable. The invalids do duty. There is a mi- 

 litary road from it to the barrack bridge, to give the 

 commander in chief, whose stately residence is within 

 this part of the park, a speedy communication with the 

 barracks. 



Tbe Castle The Castle, the town residence of the viceroy, oc- 

 . f iniblin. cupies two squares, all rebuilt in the last century, 

 except the south-east tower, called the wardrobe tower: 

 The south-west tower is called Birmingham tower. The 

 entrance is on the north side from Castle Street, by a 

 stately gate, 30 feet high, surmounted with a statue of 

 Justice, which has a correspondent gate. ornament on 

 the same flank, surmounted by a statue of Fortitude, 



Mmiary 



t-r.sLi!iL- 

 incnt. 



lloyal Ho*- 

 pital for 

 fnralids. 



and both connected by a handsome edifice, railed Bed- I 1 

 ford Tower. The front to the court is decorated with '*"<" 

 an arcade of three arches, over which there is an octa- 

 gon steeple, with a cupola and clock ; the remainder of 

 the building to Ca'tle Street from the Custle gate, i- the 

 guard-house, and the whole i> enclosed there by a range 

 of iron palisades. 



The guard consists of a captain's company of foot, 

 a subaltern's guard of horse, detachments of artillery 

 and of battle axe guards. These are dressed in the an- 

 cient habit, and do duty near the presence cham- 

 ber. They are commanded by a captain, who ranks 

 as colonel, and by two subalterns, who rank as call- 

 tains. 



The centre of the ground plan of the lower court is 

 sixteen feet below the upper, lieing in the course of a 

 mountain river, which formed the fosse of the first 

 projection of the castle. In it are the treasury and 

 other state offices, the armoury, and arsenal. The beau- 

 tiful Gothic building, the chapel, now nearly finished, 

 fills the southern range. The street leading from the 

 city into the court nearly at its centre, and to the \v r^t- 

 ern postern, is parallel and close to the south side of 

 the buildings of the two squares, and is closely bound- 

 ed on the south by the castle garden, to which a pas- 

 sage is opened by a beautiful range of granite stairs, 

 supported by an arch over the street. This part of the 

 buildings of the upper court is called the garden front, 

 erected in 17-1-0. It is finished with white granite, and 

 ornamented with semicolumns of the Ionic order, and 

 the windows are embellished with cornices and archi- 

 traves. 



The approach to the state apartments is in the upper 

 court, by an open vestibule, projecting twelve feet, and 

 sixty feet wide, and forty deep, supported by Doric co- 

 lumns, leading to a staircase twenty feet wide, with 

 two ranges from the first landing. The presence cham- 

 ber is o\cr this hall; it is a very fine room in all its pro- 

 portions. 



The ball room is appropriated to the festivals and 

 meetings of the knights of the illustrious order of St 

 Patrick, instituted 17th March 178,'J. His Majesty is the 

 Sovereign, the Lord Lieutenant, for the time being, the 

 Grand Master, and the Knights Companions are 15. 

 They wear a sky-blue watered ribband, with a medal 

 appendant, of two inches diameter, encircled with bril- 

 liants. In its centre there is a saltier of an inch dia- 

 meter: the interstices of the saltier are occupied with 

 the motto, " Quis Separabit," in allusion to the decora- 

 tion of the centre of the saltier, which is the shamrock 

 bearing three crowns. The hall was ornamented with 

 historical and allegorical paintings, by the celebrated 

 Mr \Valdric, during the administration of the late Mar- 

 quis of Buckingham. 



In Mau-h 1786', the first stone of the courts of The. 

 justice, on the north side of the river, was laid by his of J ustlc(> ' 

 Grace the Duke of Rutland, in the presence of the 

 Judges, on the site of the Dominican convent, which, 

 :d the suppression of .the monasteries in 1541, had been 

 retained by the crown for a public office, and used to 

 this period as the Hulls Ollice. The new building;! 

 were finished, and the courts opened there, in Novem- 

 ber 1796. The whole range extends [.'IS feet in length, 

 and 50 in depth. The court yards of the offices on 

 raeh side, are open to the quay, and separated from il 

 by iron pali-.udes and beautiful gateways of hewn 



According to the mlaaaie of the la Dr Whitdaw, the population in 1793 win only 172,091; but tH.- i* admitted to I* far below 

 e real papuktri.m. 



