DUBLIN. 



176 



Dublin, assistants ; *ne consulting physician ; Uc-iiK > there are 

 S 'Y"^ in attendance a chaplain, a surgeon, a matron, a house- 

 keeper, an apothecary, a secretary, a register, and an 

 agent. 



Squirt*. The 8 ' x squares within the buildings of the city, 



which are all ornamented with great care, and deck- 

 ed with those shrubs which can endure the situation, 

 are never-failing sources of amusement to the nume- 

 rous well-dressed and orderly assemblies on these pro- 

 menades. Stephen's Green, the largest of them, being 

 400 yards by 300, is now given up by the corporation 

 of the city, to lx> laid out in such a manner as will cor- 

 respond to the stately memorial of national respect to 

 the Duke of Wellington. A tribute of this nature 

 in the beginning of the last century, erected to William 

 the 1 1 Id. In 1?65 the pedestal was repaired, and the 

 statue replaced. 



The equestrian bronze statues of his Majesty George I. 

 in the garden of the city mansion-house, and that of 

 his Majesty George II. in Stephen's Green, are lasting 

 memorials of the talents of Mr Van No-t. 



\eln' The citizens of Dublin have shewn their respect for 



monument, the memory of Lord Nelson, and of the bra\e men 

 who fought under his command, by the erection of a 

 turret, ornamented on the outside as a pillar. It is 

 erected in Sackville street, which is 100 perches long, 

 and six wide, and in that part of it where it is crossed 

 by two streets at right angles meeting each other, and 

 of the same extent, having on the south Carlisle Bridge, 

 nnd on the north the side termination of the Rotunda 

 Buildings. The base is twenty -five feet high, and tin- 

 dates and places of the four great victories are carved 

 on the monumental slabs. On the west side is inscri- 

 bed, "St Vincent, 14th February 17.07;" on the north, 

 " The Nile, 1st August 1797;" on the east, " Copenha- 

 gen, 2d April 1801 ;" and on the south, " Trafalgar, 

 '^ 1 st October 1 805." The base is enclosed by an oval 

 iron palisade, ornamented with tridents and lamps. The 

 ascent to the summit of the turret is by 1 86 steps : there 

 is there a gallery with an iron quadrangular balustrade, 

 nnd in the centre a pedestal twelve feet high. On this 

 the colossal statue of Lord Nelson, also twelve feet high, 

 leaning on the capstan of a vessel, is placed. 



This city, according to Ptolemy, in the year of our 

 Lord 140, was called Aschaled, and I'.Mami Civilax. 

 Alpinius, a chieftain, in possession of it in 155, changed 

 its name to Aultana, in sorrow for the loss of his daugh- 

 ter, who was drowned in the river. In 181, the Irish 

 called it by its appearance, Drain chall coil, the brow 

 of the hazel wood ; also Aili death, the ford of hur- 

 dles ; also Bally lean death, the town at the harbour of 

 hurdles ; and Dub leann, the black harbour, and hence 

 is the contraction of Dublin. 



The rising of the tide renders the approach to the 

 river, even at low water. MI difficult, by the quantity 

 of mud deposited, that it became necessarvto lay bundles 

 of hurdles on the strand. In the summer season, at 

 low water, the river has not a foot of water in the cen- 

 tre of the city, so that the building of a bridge was no 

 object to the inhabitants. So late as Kilo, there were 

 but 50 perches of embankment on the north side about 

 Dublin Bridge, now called the Old Bridge, and at that 

 time the only bridge connected with the city. 

 History. The Danes were in po^-e-sion of the city in the JHh 



century, in 851, and built the ancient walls to protect 

 themselves from the surrounding inhabitants. Notw ith- 

 standing the victory gained by the Irish over them in 

 1014, near Clontarf, their chiefs kept possession of 

 it, built churches, and founded abbeys. j n and near 



Dublin, 24 years after this period. They remained in DutaJ 



possession IT 1 until they v ere expelled by 



the united force- of Dermot Kit/.nmrchard, or Mac- 

 Murrough, chieftain of Lein-Ur. and it' the 1 

 adventurer* under the coimnan.! '; 

 The marriage of Karl Strongbow with the d.i< 

 and hcirc*-. of the chieftain of LeiiMer, gave tlv 

 the right to transfer it to Henry 1 1. He granted to 

 the inhabitant* a charter, and abo encouraged, by the 

 value of the ^rant, -e\ i ral Bristol men to bring their 

 families and settle in it. 



Four years after, he created hi- son John, then but 

 twelve j ears old, Lord of Inland, a title which the 

 king assumed, in consequence of a treaty with the Irioh 

 chieftains, who had been harassed by constant wars, 

 which the limited powers of the first chieftain could 

 not check. Thirty-three years after, in 1210, King 

 John met twenty other chieftains, who bound them- 

 selves, by treaty, to adopt the Krgli^h law and m-- 

 toms. In iJl'li. Henry III. granted a new charter; 

 and the year following he granted the -farm, 



at 200 merks per annum. The toll- were collected; two- 

 pence only was paid for a barrel of wine, which cannot 

 now be brought in for less than L. 10 sterling. In 

 1308, the magi '.r :',. \vas styled provost, and bis imme- 

 diate assistants bailiff's. In 1409, the title of provost 

 was changed to that of mayor ; and, in 1517, the bai- 

 liff's became by title sheriff's. In l(i()0, the mayor was 

 decorated by the gift of a golden collar, and honoured 

 with a company of foot guards. In 1665, the additional 

 titles of right honourable, and lord, were added by the 

 king. In l(->7-, new rules were instituted for the bet- 

 ter government of the city, by Arthur Karl of 1 

 and these were improved by the act of 1 793, the 33d of 

 his present Mai 



The lord mayor, and twenty-five aldermen, form 

 a board in a separate chamber ; and the sheriffs and 

 sheriff's peers, with <)6 freemen, chosen by the 25 cor- 

 porations in their respective halls, in a separate cham- 

 ber, fire the electors of the city magistrates. Sheriffs 

 peers are those who had served that office, or being 

 elected, were excused, and paid the charitable fine sub- 

 stituted for service. When they exceed 48 in num- 

 ber, the juniors have no privilege. 



The freemen of the twenty-five corporations can only 

 elect in that in which they were first made free ; and 

 the elected are those alone who at that time followed 

 the business, or followed it five years, or served an ap- 

 prenticeship to it ; and the corporation of merchants is 

 the only one exempted from these regulations. 



The sheriff's, sheriff's peers. ai:d the fl'i freemen, name 

 eight persons who are freemen, each worth, in real or 

 personal property, L. 2000, over and above all their 

 just debts, two of whom are to be chosen for that of- 

 fice by the lord mayor and aldermen, or the usual quo- 

 rum of them. In the event of death, or resignation, 

 four freemen are to be named in the same form, for 

 the choice of one to fill the vacancy. 



The lord mayor and the aldermen, or the usual quo- 

 rum of them, send the name of the alderman chosen by the lurJ- 

 them to serve the ofliee for the ensuing year, to the she- i)ur. 

 riffV assembly for their approbation, without which no 

 person is capable of serving that office. In the failure 

 of either iis-cmbly doing their duty, the other is ena- 

 bled, by the statute, to make a valid election. All 

 ti.in is by ballot, nnd no person chosen lord mayor, -.lu- 

 rid', recorder, or town-clerk, is capable of serving that 

 office until he be approved of by the chief governor and 

 the privy council. 



l-'.iivtinn at 

 the chief 

 magistrates 



Election of 



cmi.mon 

 council- 

 men. 





