D U M 



197 



DUN 



Ouipfriel 

 shire. 



County 

 town and 

 other royal 



burghs. 



Village of 



Mofllit. 



Woods and 

 plantations. 



Mountain 

 Bocks of 

 sheep. 



Black cattle. 

 Swine. 



General 

 produce. 



Freehold- 



c. -. 



flther coun- 

 ty magi*- 



ira:,.,. 



Property 



Crops in 



tht til!. i"? 

 lands. 



Kigmruand 

 imports. 



C.l, tie. 



287 cargoes outwards; the total of the burdens 29,427 

 tons. 



The royal borough of Dumfries is die county town. 

 The other royal burghs are Annan, Lochmaben, and 

 Sanquhar. Annan is already much improved ; but it 

 wants a port. Lochmaben stands in the finest and 

 most open and improvable district in the county, and 

 is likely to be soon improved materially, together with 

 the adjacent country, by means of a canal from the 

 mouth of the river Annan by the limeworks at Kel- 

 head. 



The fine village of Moffat, situated at the base of 

 Hartfell mountain, sheltered from the north and east, 

 and furnished with sulphur and chalybeate waters, and 

 with accommodations for genteel strangers, is well 

 known. That of Langholm on the river Esk, and of 

 Thornhill on the Nith, are advantageously situated. 

 New villages have been laid out on the properties of 

 Dalswinton, Mount Annan, Kellhead, and Rockhall. 



It is not supposed that the woods and plantations of 

 the whole county exceed six or seven thousand acres. 

 Many of the heath ridges appear to have been in cul- 

 ture for corn at a remote period of time ; and peat mos- 

 ses have accumulated in rich forest lands. The Scots 

 pine grew in some of these lands naturally. Most of 

 the mountain arms of Dumfries-shire, that intersect it 

 from north to south, are admirable subjects for the plant- 

 er to work in. 



The total number of sheep is supposed to exceed 

 200,000. Of these mountain flocks, the greater part 

 are now of the Cheviot breed, and next in number are 

 those of the black-laced breed. Lesser flocks of New 

 Leicester sheep are reared in the lower farms, by the 

 most respectable improvers. A few small parcels, also, 

 of the Spanish, and some of the Merino blood. The 

 cattle are mostly of the Galloway race, and rise in num- 

 ber to about 30,000. It has been found, that so many 

 pigs are now reared as to furnish bacon for export from 

 the county, to the extent of nearly L.-'iOjOOOa-year. The 

 returns made in gross from tin- milk cows and other 

 cattle, and from the sheep in the common walks and 

 lower districts of Dumfries-shire, have been computed 

 as rising above L.300,000 a-year. The gross produce 

 of the crops raised on 1 50,000 acres of cultivated soils, 

 is considered as rather more than all the returns from 

 live stock ; the lands in pasture not being included. 



The number of the freeholders on the last roll was 

 74 ; and that of the commissioners of supply about 198. 

 There are 20 deputy lieutenants to assist the lord or 

 vice-lieutenant in arranging and maintaining the do- 

 mestic force of the county ; and the justices of the 

 pe.-ue exceed 140. 



The property taxes levied in this county for the year 

 1808, after all deductions and abatements were made. 

 amounted to L.3 1,709, lls. 7d. ; being from two to 

 three times the whole valued rents at the time of tile 

 usurpation. 



Wheat is now cultivated throughout all the county, 

 except in the very highest parts of it It is belies ri I 

 that in remote times, this valuable grain was cultivated in 

 quantities in Dumfries, Galloway, and Ayr. Oats are 

 in high perfection, raised in all parts of the county. 

 I'otatoes are almost the staple produce. Sown grasses 

 and meadow hay are abundant. 



The principal articles of export are in lead, cattle, 

 wool, grain, and potatoes; and those of import consist 

 mostly of coal, slates, and foreign pine timber, with gro- 

 ceries of all kinds, wine, and iron. 



The most venerable castles are those of Cacrlavcrock, 



Lochmaben, Achincass, Morton, Sanquhar, Comlongan, Dumtrie., 

 Torthorwald, &c. : and the chief houses are those of shire 

 Drumlanrig, Rachills, Dalswinton, Castlemilk, Close- ' 

 burn, Springkell, Blackwood, &c. J~^L> 



The fishings in the rivers have greatly failed of late Fishings. 

 years. This failureis ascribed to the killing of the spawn- 

 ing fish in these rivers ; and a new act to prevent it was 

 lately obtained. But it proceeds very much from the 

 almost entire capture of the fish as they move up the 

 Solway, in the numerous nets that are placed there in 

 the salt water. 



Fuel, in various parts of Dumfries-shire, is ex- 

 pensive ; coal being remote, and the peat-mosses requi- 

 ring much labour, time, and expence. 



The common lands, in this county, have been either 

 altogether or for the most part divided, and are now lands, 

 either improved, or in process for that purpose. A 

 great proportion of the marches of conterminous estates 

 Have also been straightened and fenced ; and inclosure Indosurt?. 

 and subdivision are going forward in most of the farms. 

 (K. K.) 



DUMOSiE. See BOTANY, p. 78. 



DUNBAR is situated at the mouth of the Frith of 

 Forth. It consists of a large and spacious street, extend- 

 ing from north and south, and containing many good 

 houses, which are in general three stories high. The prin- 

 cipal public buildings are the Town Hall, the Church, and 

 the New Inn. The Town Hall is a wretched building, 

 with a paltry spire in a state of extreme decay. The 

 church is a long mean building, with a square tower at 

 its west end, having small turrets at each angle, and a 

 larger turret in the centre, by way of a spire. The New 

 Inn is one of the best buildings of this kind in any of 

 the provincial towns of Scotland. It is three stories 

 high, large and commodious, with suitable stables, &c. 



At the north end of the principal street stands the 

 residence of the Earl of Lauderdale, with its back 

 turned most contemptuously to the town, and forming 

 the actual termination of the street. The front of this 

 house is built of fine freestone. It has a semicircular 

 porch supported by six columns of the Ionic order. The 

 wings, which are unusuall}- large, are higher than the 

 body of the house, and appear to contain the public 

 rooms : a balustrade runs along the front wall. 



The harbour of Dunbar is far from being large. It 

 consists of an inner and an outer harbour with a dry 

 dock. In the inner harbour there is generally l(j feet 

 of water at stream tides. The outer harbour is defend- 

 ed by a small fort, mounted with several cannon, and 

 standing upon a rock of columnar sandstone. 



The ruins of the old castle of Dunbar stand to the 

 north east of the harbour. It is situated on several pro- 

 jecting rocky promontories, hollowed out by the action 

 of the sea into huge caverns, sometimes open above, and 

 crossed by natural arches of rock. It has a very inte- 

 resting and unusual ippearance, and is particularly de- 

 serving of notice. (IB) 



DUNDEE, a sea-port and manufacturing town in 

 Scotland, U situated on the north bank of the Frith of 

 Tay, and within the county of Angus or Forfarshire. 

 In 1811 the population amounted to 29,716, exclusive 

 of seam tn and militia, being an increase in ten years of 

 nearly -1000; and the seamen belonging to this port 

 amount at present to about 1273. The town of Dun- 

 dee is far from elegant ; but there are many handsome 

 public buildings and private houses in it. The High 

 Street is an oblong 360 feet in length, by 100 feet 

 broad ; the other streets diverging from it are generally 

 narrow. A little to the west of this street stands .die 



