-272 



DYEING. 



AbW 

 Muei 



Solution of 

 iron fur d ye- 

 irgbbck. 



Remarks on 



mode of 

 dyeij? 

 black by Dr 

 Bancroft 



bath again, left in it twenty-four hour*, wrung out, and 

 dried. It i> then softened by soaking or working it in 

 the remains of a weld batii, tli.u has been used tor other 

 colours ; adding to it a little logwood. From this it i* 

 taken out and wrung, and instantly put into a tub of 

 warm water, into which has been poured an ounce of 

 olive oil for every pound of stuff. Lastly, it is wrung 

 out and dried. See Etsai tur Its Mot/ens, &c. p. 155. 



432. The Abbe Mazeas has described a process for 

 dyeing cotton and linen black, by dyeing them with 

 madder, having previously prepared them with the 

 tickiou of the Turkey red, galling them with uiyroba- 

 lans, and passing them through a mordant, composed 

 of lime-water and verib'grise. The process is tedious 

 and expensive, and, according to M. le Pileur d'Apligny, 

 does not produce a better black than is obtained by the 

 preceding method. 



433. M. le Pileur d'Apligny mentions another me- 

 thod of giving black to cotton and linen, which he de- 

 scribes as very fine and durable. The stuff is first 

 scoured as usual, galled, alumed, and afterwards dipped 

 in the weld bath. When taken out of this bath, it is 

 to be dyed in a decoction of logwood, to which a quar- 

 ter of a pound of sulphate of copper lias been added lor 

 every pound of stuff. After this, it is to be washed in 

 the river, and wrung repeatedly, but not too hard. Fi- 

 nally, it is dyed in a madder Kith, in the proportion of 

 halt a pound to each pound of stuff. See Essai mr les 

 Moment, ffc. p. 168. 



434. Guhliche has described a solution of iron, which 

 produces excellent effects in dyeing black. He directs 

 a pound of rice to be boiled in twelve or fifteen quarts 

 of water, till it is wholly dissolved : into this solution 

 is to be thrown as much old iron made red hot, as will 

 come half way up to the surface of the liquor. This 

 is to be done in a vat exposed under cover to the air 

 and light, at least a week. An equal quantity of red 

 hot iron is thrown into as much warm vinegar as there 

 was solution of rice in another \cssel, and in like 

 manner exposed to the air and light. After some days 

 the contents of the two vessels are to be mixed toge- 

 ther, and the mixture is to be left a week exposed to 

 the open air. The liquor is then to be decanted, and 

 preserved in a close vessel fur use. To dye cotton and 

 linen in this mixture, all that is necessary is to leave 

 them in the liquor till they acquire a sufficient black, 

 which will not be longer than twenty-four hours at most. 

 If the liquor do not contain enough of ferruginous par- 

 ticles, the stuit', after being taken out, must be put in- 

 to a fresh portion. In this way, a fine and permanent 

 black will be produced. 



435. In all the processes we have described, the gal- 

 ling, when that operation was employed, was always 

 given first, and the solution of iron applied after wird-;. 

 Dr Bancroft considers this practice to be extremely in- 

 judicious, and proposes to re\crse the order of the sa 

 operations, applying first the solution of iron as a mor- 

 dant, and then that of the galls as a colouring matter. 

 " It is notorious," says he, ' that calico-printers, when 

 they wish to produce any adjective colour by the aid 

 of iron, or its oxide, as a basis, invariably begin by 

 applying the basis, (commonly the acetate or p^yrul ig- 

 nite of iron), separately to the calico, Mipcraddmg the 

 vegetable colouring matter afterwards ; excepting only 

 in tiiose cases where a less permanent prosubstantixe 

 black or other colour is applied, for which the basis or 

 mordant is previously mixed and combined with the \ c- 



e colouring matters. And it is well known, that 

 the black and other colours given by calico-printers 

 S 



from sumach, madder, weld, quercitron bark, &c. upon 

 an iron b;i>U, applied first and separately, arc much of Dyeing, 

 more lasting than the same colours produced in a diffe- '"""Y"^'' 

 rent manner by the ordinary dver*." He afterwards 

 conclude", and 1 am confident, from the results of 

 many experiments, that being so applied, then- can be 

 no difficulty afterward.* in producing a full and perma- 

 nent black by dyeing the linen or cotton, which has re- 

 ceived this basis, with a suitable portion of galls, with 

 or without an addition of sumach, and even without the 

 co-operation of a blue ground from indigo, which is com- 

 monly thought necessary, at least for the finer and more, 

 co-tly cotton or linen goods intended to be made black." 

 ( Phil, of Perm. Col. vol. ii. p. 4(i<).) These observations 

 certainly deserve the attention of the practical dyer. 



436. For black-gray, iron-gray, and slate-gray, cotton Grayj. 

 and linen haveablue ground given them, but for no other. 

 All the shades require a galling proportionate to the 

 grey to be produced. When the thread has been gal- 

 led, wrung, and dried, it is dipped on the skain sticks 

 in a tub of cold water, to which is added a proper 

 quantity of the bath from the black vat, and of a de- 

 coction of logwood: the thread is worked in this pound 

 by pound, washed, and dried. 



4-^7. M. le Pileur d'Apligny gives the two following TWO pro- 

 processes for gray. ceneaby M. 



1st, The thread is galled, dipped in a very weak le Pileur 

 bath of the black vat, and then maddered. d'Apligny. 



2d, The thread is dipped in a very hot solution of 

 tartar, wrung gently, and dried. It is then dyed in a 

 decoction of logwood. After this operation, the thread 

 appears black ; but on working it attentively in warm 

 soap-suds, the surplus of the dye is discharged, and it 

 remains of a pleasing and durable gray. 



For calico-printing, see TOPICAL DYEING. 



See the following works on dyeing: L 'Art de la ZVi- Workt on 

 lure des Laines, par Hellot ; L'Art de la Teinlure en dyeing. 

 Soie, par Macquer; Etsai wr les moyens de perfection- 

 ner I'art de la Teinlure, par \f. le Pileur d'Apligny ; In- 

 ttruction sur tart de la Ttinlure, a translation from the 

 German of Posrner ; Element de fait de la Teinlure, 

 par Uerthollet ; Philosophy of' Permanent Colours, by 

 Dr Bancroft, 2d edit. 1813; Decouverte d'une nou- 

 velle teintre de pourpre, Mi in. de I'Acad. liny. 171 1. 

 Observations Physiques sur le melange de quelques 

 couleurs dans la Teinture, Man. del'Acad. Hoy. 1737. 

 Analyse de 1'lndigo, Mem. de Sav. Elran. torn. ix. 

 Observ. Physico-Chym. sur les C'ouleurs, Journ. de 

 1'hijS. torn. viii. Versuche mil Mineralischen saueru 

 Geistern aus dem holzen farben zu ziehen, 1770, in 

 AUuadlttngen dcr Baieriscltcn Akurlcm;c. De Tinpcndo 

 per Nilri At-i'lum, &c. T. Fried. Gmelin Prof. Gotting. 

 Erfurt, 178.5. Ann, tie C/iiinie, lam. i. licrncriclics 

 M(ij,<t~in da- Xuturlivrit iin.i Jl'i nenscliaflen, vol. i. 

 Sur 1'lndigo et ses Dissolvans, Jour, de Pfiyx. 1788. 

 Memt,ire sur f Indigo, par M. M. D'Orva] et llibuu- 

 court. Memoir? tur la Teinlure en Noir tjui a rempurte 

 If piis tie In Sijdcle de Druxelks, en 1771- Jour.de 

 Pl:ys. 17W- Mem. ilans le Ileciieil den M: moires de 

 I'lintitiil. torn. vii. Mem sur le Teiiitui-e, et le Com- 

 merce du colon file rouge de la Grcce, Ann. de Cliimic, 

 torn. xxxi. F.xper. lina xylina lingendi Flor. Girth. 

 Tinct. Comment. ,Voc. II- ft. Galling, vol. iii. 1780. 

 L' Ail de l.i Tc.' nt lire tin C< tun en Koiige, &c. par J. A. 

 C'huptnl. I \|.tr. on Indigo, T'aiuai./. (f I tie .SVc. nj 

 Ar *, Mtn, ti.'. tnid Co>i:i>:t'n:<; \ol. xx\ \\\.--L'Art d' ./;,- 

 preter ct de Ttindre loults Si rtis tie /'<w;.r, )>;<r Qiu- 

 misft. Essvi atir i'Arl de la Teinture, par Bergman. 

 (*) 



